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religious interview questions and answers sharleen spiteri ashley heath . This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. It only takes a minute to sign up. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". What Is Antimatter? | Wonderopolis Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. ", National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, "How much energy does an earthquake release? So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. But other than this probably being impossible, it may just start the race for the antimatter bomb. A boy can regenerate, so demons eat him for years. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. Anti Matter Energy Calculator. If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. It doesn't sound like it should be real, but "it does exist", says Professor Doser,a physicist who studies the properties of antimatterat CERN,the European Council for Nuclear Research. $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. What Is Antimatter? Catch up with The Loop, Jock Zonfrillo remembered as an 'incredible chef' and influential member of Australia's culinary landscape, 'Until we meet in heaven': Maryborough community comes to grips with triple fatality as loved ones remembered, Perfect storm brewing for housing market and it could make buying your own home a pipedream, Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower, Clare desperately wanted to stop drinking but she couldn't make it stick. These complications have been sidestepped by convention. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? This calculation helps us in finding the pressure loads on objects. We could make this happen if we work at it. Sorry, but I don't know where you can get the text of this book online. We have to double the figure because that's the antimatter mass, and we're converting that mass of antimatter plus an equal mass of matter into energy. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. This calculator and the accompanying article will explain what explosion radius is and how to calculate blast radius. Lesser known is its role in studying the anti-particles of the Universe. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. Antimatter was successfully stored for the first time in 2010. 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? The blast radius follows Hopkinson-Cranz Law which states that identical explosives with the same geometry but different sizes and distances will produce self-similar blast waves in the same atmosphere. [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. This amazing device creates a region of space where the magnetic field gets larger in all directions. Antimatter: Most Expensive Substance on Earth - Science to go Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Would it be similarly anti-climactic? Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? You'd think a Galaxy Class Starship would take a chunk out of a nearby planet by comparison. in high school, I've been fascinated by the idea that Antimatter is pretty explosive. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. Why is matter-antimatter asymmetry surprising, if asymmetry can be generated by a random walk in which particles go into black holes? For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. In our case, we're taking the mass of earth plus the mass of the antimatter planet. Big Bang scientists have been hoping to find some physics loopholesome tiny difference between matter and antimatterthat would allow more matter than antimatter to be produced shortly after the Big Bang, but so far they have been unsuccessful. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). Use MathJax to format equations. You can maybe kill everyone with less antimatter if you settled for giving everyone cancer instead. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. This bomb was only 50 megatons. Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. Blast Radius Calculator c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. TNT Calculator - IME A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. Just one 10 thousandths of a gram of antimatter could send a spaceship to Mars in only 45 days. With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. - Georg Patscheider Nov 30, 2018 at 14:03 Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. $361,000,000 km^2$ to cover, you'd need another 3,009 MIEVs. You can also convert entire earth into energy but you have to look for antimatter earth to do it. In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Antimatter - Wikipedia Simple? The bottle is called a trap because thats what it does, it traps antimatter. The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. Now that you know how to calculate blast radius, you can use the calculator to estimate safety distances. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? Its easy to see why secularists, desperate to explain their existence apart from a Creator, would cling to such fantastic notions. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. Con: You need a lotta bombs. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. "It would take us 10 billion years to assemble enough anti-stuff to make the bomb Dan Brown talks . 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. This blast radius calculator helps you determine the distance for detonations, after which there would be no fragments. "We actually expect that the whole Universe since there was lots of energy around at the moment of the Big Bang should consist of equal amounts of matter and antimatter," Professor Doser says. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. The energy released by a hurricane per day during condensation. Approximate yield of the last eruption of the. So yeah, how much antimatter would it take to level a house? Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia An explosive, upon detonation, releases a large amount of energy. Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? Antimatter is the opposite of matter. Check your math. For the similarly named weight measurements, see, The explosion from a 14-kiloton nuclear test at the. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. [5][6][7][8], Where for example the comparison is by energy yield, an explosive's energy is normally expressed for chemical purposes as the thermodynamic work produced by its detonation. radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. Which was the first Sci-Fi story to predict obnoxious "robo calls"? It actually produces one about every one hour and fifteen minutes. Can antimatter projectiles work as disintegration weapons? thanks for the detailed answer! This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. The universe began to cool and then expand. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. I have no idea what you're talking about. This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. However, humans have produced only a minuscule amount of antimatter. In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. So far, so good. @Serban Tanasa: No, it's clearly not the same question. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. However, the mean free path is so short at ambient pressure that they will react before going far (doing it in the upper atmosphere might produce a much larger and fuzzier fireball). By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The Truth about Angels, Demons and Antimatter | Live Science This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. Limitations of the TNT equivalent method), "Appendix B8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically", "Tons Of Tnt to Calories | Kyle's Converter", "Convert tons of TNT to joules | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to BTU - British Thermal Unit | energy conversion", "Convert tons of TNT to foot pounds | energy conversion", "Tons Of Tnt to Kilowatt-hours | Kyle's Converter", "The Energy in Wildfires: The Western United States", "Local media: Blast at Cairo cathedral kills at least 25", "How do Thunderstorms and Lightning Work? Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee, Transportation, Distribution & Security Committee. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. Speed it up enormously 3. The "kiloton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules (4.1841012J). Such a wave can be catastrophic depending upon its intensity. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. The solar irradiance on Earth every second. I mean, in the book I read, they had an antimatter device that you could hold in your hand and it would have destroyed I believe the entire Vatican City. This would cause the entire Earth to explode and break into thousands of pieces. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. If you absolutely, positively need to sterilize the surface, you must blast it from orbit. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? The antihydrogen gets stuck in the area with the weakest magnetic field. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? A city entirely? Why 1.810 14 joules? The fictional bomb works by touching 1 gram of matter to 1 gram of antimatter a substance made of sub-atomic particles with properties opposite those of normal matter particles causing. The total solar irradiance energy received by Earth in the upper atmosphere per hour. This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. ", "Beirut Explosion: What Happened in Lebanon and Everything Else You Need to Know", "Preliminary yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using video footage from social media", "Seismic Experiments on the North German Explosions, 1946 to 1947", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, "Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Long Term Health Effects", "Kinetic Energy of Tornadoes in the United States", "Frequently Asked Questions Electricity", "Country Comparison:: Electricity consumption", "NOAA FAQ: How much energy does a hurricane release? Ten things you might not know about antimatter Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. i got the conversion completely wrong because i got the energy output in joules, thought i was in megatons of TNT, then converted back to joules which is why i was so far off, Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/69440/, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/74019/, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. Antimatter weapons would be the most destructive and powerful in human history, so why dont they exist? The blast radius is the distance up to which the explosion will have an effect. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. And so do we! This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. The team is called the ALPHA collaboration. This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. How Antimatter Spacecraft Will Work | HowStuffWorks ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. Nuclear weapon outputs are usually given in megatons, that being the energy released by one megaton of tnt exploding. "One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter]costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. Air Force Researching Antimatter Weapons - Slashdot How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! Something less than 7g to kill every human. By converting all their mass into energy, you're getting more bang for your buck with an antimatter explosion. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. Strange Frontiers, episode 2:The factory where one of the most expensive and elusive materials is made. Hence why I'm thinking they may have tried to say "Nope, 3,000m of Antimatter would really only be an explosion this big" as opposed to "Something as big as your hand would utterly level half of Rome" which is significantly smaller than 3,000m. ", "Comet/Jupiter Collision FAQ - Post-Impact", "Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact", "Huge Global Tsunami Followed Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Impact", "Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact", "That Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Instantly Acidified Our World's Oceans, Too", "Climatic Effect of Impacts on the Ocean", "Sun: Amount of Energy the Earth Gets from the Sun", "Seismic effects of the Caloris basin impact, Mercury", "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: the report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy", "Light curves of type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms", "Big Bang Energy (Ask an Astrophysicist)", "Storage requirements for security sensitive ammonium nitrate (SSAN)", "Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TNT_equivalent&oldid=1150973581. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. The sub-atomic particles of matter have the opposite properties of antimatter. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. That's5 thousand trillion euros. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation. The second is that CERN is interested infundamental research understanding things without knowing how this knowledge could be applied. In all honesty you can probably get away with less because the force of the explosion will likely kill many humans. Why do you say "pure gamma"? ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical. Explosive Yield of a Photon Torpedo. - ST-v-SW.Net Would a kilogram of antimatter be equal to a 500kg bomb of conventional Heavy Exosives? Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. Frank Close, a particle physicist at the University of Oxford, points out the time problem, too. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. If you wanted to blow up the planet you could do so by exploding an antimatter bomb near the Earths core. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet.

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