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in the American Revolution Monmouth Battle Furthermore, Fortune Freeman presented a discharge from the 4th Massachusetts, but Danforth's company served in what later became numbered the 6th Massachusetts. Towards the end of March 1778, Nixon's regiment moved to the Highland's department, overseeing the defenses of the Hudson River near New York City. 32, Image 104, via FamilySearch.org. NARA M804, pages 4 and 9, via Fold3.com. Lets also Army Muster Rolls, 1641-1707. Aaron Longstreet's roll, 2 October 1776 310 Muster roll of Major Van Cortland's Company, 6 September 1779 317 Payroll of Capt. Organized between May 1-20, 1775, to consist of 10 companies from Litchfield and Hartford Counties. John Carr His aim was to use them as scouts to gather intelligence, harass British patrols, and to confiscate supplies that could be of use to the main army. Was he born into slavery? [32] Through August and September, Freeman is described as "on command," meaning he likely traveled on small missions or duties outside of camp. His family home being the Rolls Mansion built just outside of Monmouth at /Artifact <>BDC If Freeman served earlier in the war as Fortune Conant, he would have already been familiar with the New York terrain, and in the intervening months between his possible first discharge and his reenlistment, not much had changed. 1776, August, Battle of Long Island, also known as the Battle of Brooklyn, successful, 1776, November, Battle of Fort Washington, commanded by Lord Percy, successful, 1776, September, Battle of Harlem Heights, capture of Fort Lee, flank companies of 38th participate, 1777 New Jersey Campaign, as part of the Brunswick, New Jersey garrison, 1777, September, Battle of Brandywine located west of Philadelphia, successful, 1777, October, after the capture of Philadelphia by the British, the Battle of Germantown, located north of Philadelphia, successful, 1778, June, Battle of Monmouth in New Jersey, under the new commander, General Clinton, who had been given orders to retreat from Philadelphia to New York, flank companies of 38th participate, 1778, July, defence of Newport, Rhode Island, 1778, August, under General Pigot, the Battle of Rhode Island, also known as, the Battle of Quaker Hill, in which the Americans tried unsuccessfully to recapture the Island from the British, now known as Aquidneck Island, 1778, After September, regiment returned to New York, 1779 Clinton moved the main British effort to the South, 1780, June, Battle of Springfield, New Jersey, the last major engagement in the north, British under von Knyphausen attack George Washington's army, unsuccessful, 1781, September, participated in the raid on New London, Connecticut, commanded by Benedict Arnold who had switched sides, this expedition was to be its last of the war. Inflation and depreciation meant that these bounty payments were not worth their face value by the time soldiers were paid. The Edenton Whig, a local newspaper, described Overton as, a soldier ofthe Revolution, and, served under Washington and was at the battle of Yorktown, Overton was praised by the community and say that, "He has lived among us longer than the ordinary period allotted to human life, and always sustained a character for honesty, industry, and integrity. George Washington's Integrated Army - American Battlefield Trust See the Charles Rolls statue Founder of Rolls-Royce . Web250 Capt. More than 200 miles from his enlistment site in Boston, he may have chosen to start afresh in a new location. After the war, many Blacksgave their pensions and enlistment bounties to their former masters as a payment for their freedom. Historical and Military Criticism, with Topographical Illustration (New York: A.S. Barnes & Co., 1876), 336. While his wartime declarations remained the same, he provided additional personal information in his restatement per the requirements and described his dire circumstances. 50, Image 668, via FamilySearch.org. The Catawba had taken part in an earlier raid against a British position with Sumter as well. It is very likely Fortune Conant collected a bounty of 24 from Billerica, 20 from Massachusetts, and 20 dollars from the Continental Congress as bounty payments when someone finally convinced him to enlist.[17]. Every Scottish regiment present at the battle has been recorded and the following are detailed: Stewarts of Appin, Atholl Brigade, Bannerman of Elsick's, Cameron of Locheil's, Chisholm of When he needed financial assistance, he turned to the new country he served for help. ). Political, religious, and personal ties, however, led some tribes to support the patriots. In his pension application, Freeman claimed to have first enlisted in Boston in 1776 in Captain Elijah Danforth's company, Colonel Thomas Nixon's regiment, later designated the 6th Massachusetts Regiment in 1779. ( )Tj In order to preserve their culture and prevent encroachment upon their rich western domain, most American Indians sided with the British. A muster roll of 61 Creek Indians and 3 slaves who arrived July 1848 under the charge of Ward Coachman. By November, Freeman transferred from his command post back to Haskell's company. Regiments at Valley Forge. WebThis Revolutionary War Militia Arrangement provides a breakdown of the battalions and companies raised in each county and the names of the commanding officers. Not only were they serving in units from the northern colonies, but 58 African Americans had mustered into the North Carolina Line. Paintings courtesy of Don Troiani,www.historicalimagebank.com. Muster Rolls [20] Henry B. Carrington, MA, LLD, Battles of the American Revolution 1775-1781. But his assertions complicate understanding if Fortune Freeman and Fortune Conant were same person. Elnathan Haskell's Company in the 4th Massachusetts Regt. [39]"About 4,000 (22 percent) of the beneficiaries under the 1818 act chose not to submit to a means test. Battle of Monmouth Charles Stewart Rolls was born in 1877 as the third son of John Rolls, 1st Baron Llangattock. 2021 Valley Forge Legacy Muster Roll Project. 52, Part 2 (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1986), 184, via Haithi Trust. [24], At the end of May and beginning of June, the British returned to King's Ferry. Organized January-February 1776 at Chester from Chester, Bucks, and Lancaster Counties. Though a few probate records indicate some Conant family members enslaved people of African descent, Fortune's name does not appear in any of these surviving records. Joseph Marsh's Company, 1794 387 Capt. NARA M881, page 4, via Fold3.com. Elnathan Haskell's Company in the 4th Massachusetts Regt. NJDARM: Collection Guide - 1393, issued by the State of Massachusetts Bay, for the sum of 247 pounds and 10 pence, in favor of Fortune Conant: dated January 1, 1780: date for maturity: March 1, 1785. Phill graduated from George Mason University with a M.A. Ask someone to think of Valley Forgeand they will nearly always envision an anonymous group of soldiers struggling against winters fury and clothed in nothing but rags. WebPension Rolls and Correspondence (1790-1846) RG 1800.066 Revolutionary War Records (3 boxes) Box 1 Revolutionary War Records, Accounts, 1776-1807 (23 folders) 2 (1988): 13958. 1852. Where did he come from? The Valley Forge Muster Roll for December 1777 to June 1778 indicated that 20 to 30 members of Sheldons Regiment were still at Valley Forge at that time, NARA M804, page 10, via Fold3.com. The 3rd then wintered near Danbury, Connecticut. Did he feel a sense of pride in the idea of independence? Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Things to Do in Monmouth Monmouth has many notable connections but one of its most famous is the connection to the Rolls Family. British Army muster rolls and pay lists c.1730-1898 - The National 1459. For Washington to split his army and keep half in New York and half on the march, he had to assemble units quickly that could march with speed. THE CONTINENTAL LINE, MILITIA, AND STATE TROOPS [31] Muster/payrolls, and various papers (1763-1808) of the Revolutionary War, Vol. (file:///M|/highpoint/webdocs/state/darm/darm2011/guides/guides%20for%20p\ df/sdea1004.html)Tj His cause of death or later whereabouts remain unknown. After 1778, a stalemate set in around the New York area, with no major campaigns. The story of one of the most famous revolutionary women, Betsy Ross, is likely just that - a story. The tribes closest to the American settlements along the eastern seaboard sided with the Patriots. Dunmore's War The final event Freeman explicitly mentioned in his pension application is the capture of Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis and his army, after the Siege of Yorktown, which lasted three weeks. It is likely that Freeman decided to stay in New York after his discharge. From March to May of the same year, he appeared on muster rolls dated at King's Ferry, a major crossing point on the Hudson. Who were his parents? By 6:00 P.M., however, the British felt they had enough. Webthe muster rolls in E 101; protections for war service and appointment of attorneys in the Treaty Rolls in C 76; the Gascon Rolls in C 61 (for intended military service in Gascony) the Scotch Rolls in C 71, (for intended military service in Scotland) 9. "[18] But he also said he witnessed the surrender of General John Burgoyne following combat at the Battle of Saratoga, which took place in October 1777 in upstate New York. If Fortune Freeman is Fortune Conant, it is possible that he returned to Boston after his first discharge. Join us online July 24-26! Archive.org. WebColonel Daniel Morgan was the commander of the 11th and 15th Virginia in 1778 when he wrote this letter to General George Washington during the Revolutionary The Valley Forge Park Alliance maintains the Muster Roll Project and helps to inspire appreciation of and support for Valley Forge National Historical Park. It is also unknown what work he pursued. On December 31, 1783, Freeman received his honorable discharge from the 4th Massachusetts Regiment, having been enlisted for three years. battle_of_monmouth | hisXmark By summer, Washington could claim that the war effort was going well. Landing in Boston in July 1774, the 38th found themselves involved in the first military engagement of the American war: Concord and Lexington, April 1775. Hannigan wrote that digging into muster rolls led him to "to believe that Fortune Freeman was originally a slave from Essex County, Massachusetts named Fortune Conant." Even in Washingtons home ofVirginia, Blacksoldiers fought in Virginia units. Arriving to the court with merely the clothes on his back, Freeman provided few details about his personal life in his statement. The Philadelphia Campaign, Volume II. NARA M853, page 64, via Fold3.com. When word arrived that General John Burgoyne and his men began to march into New York from Canada, Nixon's regiment received orders to support General Horatio Gates and the Northern Department, serving the area of New York north of New York City. Later muster rolls state that Fortune Conant officially enlisted in the Continental Army a few weeks later on June 4, 1777. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. [31] He served in Elnathan Haskell's company, William Shepard's regiment. [6] Congress estimated wrong. And that I have no other means of obtaining a subsistence, except the pension allowed by Congress, and do actually need the assistance of my country to prevent my being dependent on charity.[40]. WebBattles of the American Revolution Series: Volume V. At Monmouth Courthouse in east-central New Jersey, General Washington's Continental Army came of age. WebDuring the battle of Monmouth on 28 June 1778, it was part of the Main Armys Right Wing, commanded by Major General Nathanael Greene, and in the 1st Maryland Brigade, "It required all claimants to submit documentation of their poverty to a court of record. [33] Appointed Adjutant General of the Continental Army by General George Washington in January 1778, Scammell held that position until he requested permission to resign his post and resume command of a regiment in November 1780. 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 Is it possible these two different identities tell the same story? WebMuster Roll Search the online database of people who served at Valley Forge. Did he have any other family? WebWith the return of the Continental army to the outskirts of New York City following the Battle of Monmouth Court House in June, muster rolls of the army were taken in White Muster rolls and officer commissions are recorded in: 1. McGuire, Thomas J. 48, Image 88, via FamilySearch.org. The encampment brought together men, women, and children of nearly all ages, from all walks of life, from different ethnic backgrounds, and from various religions. It is curious that of all the details to remember from six years of military service, his possible first captain is the only name that remained etched into Fortune Freeman's memory. Muster Roll The new British commander, Lieutenant General Henry Clinton, received orders to [8] While a Ph.D. candidate in History at Brandeis University in 2013, John Hannigan, current head of reference services at the Massachusetts State Archives, wrote a blog post about Fortune Freeman's pension record. From this location, twenty miles northwest of Philadelphia, the army was close enough to maintain pressure on the British yet far enough away to prevent a surprise attack. State Board of Charities," Social Networks and Archival Context, https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6129qv4. Previous engagements: Defense of Canada, Lake Champlain, Northern New Jersey, Defense of Philadelphia, Philadelphia-Monmouth Field Officers Colonel Francis Johnston WebThe muster rolls record the name, rank, military station and pay period of each soldier while they were with the regiment. "[41] He also said that he had no family aside from an 18-year-old daughter named Mary and revealed her status as "bound out to service. Examining the possible connection between Fortune Conant and Fortune Freeman can help uncover potential motivations Freeman had for enlisting in the war. WebLoyalist Muster Rolls During the American Revolution, muster rolls were prepared by the commanding officer of each company of a regiment for the express purpose of paying the officers and soldiers. He provided a sparse list of apparel described in the record as "all old and nearly worn out. Hazen, History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical register, 239. A muster roll of 34 Creek Indians who arrived Jan. 27th, 1852. [34], In 1781, Washington ordered the formation of a light infantry regiment commanded by Scammell, "with a view of having a Corps ready to execute a project of the kind which I shall propose to you, which is to endeavour [sic] to strike, by surprise, [enemies establishing themselves at or near Fort Lee]. [38] The 4th Massachusetts disbanded in West Point, New York in November of 1783. Fortune Conant's name also does not appear in any land records.[11]. [40] Fortune Freeman, Pension No. One of the men, Jonathan Overton, served in the North Carolina Continentals and lived to be 101, dying in 1849. 2011-05-16T09:36:32-04:00 The 38th served under various colonels' names until designated the 38th Regiment of Foot in 1751. Some enslaved men found freedom in fighting. [15] Freeman may have recalled Danforth easily as a familiar name to him in his younger days. [9] Freeman is described as "seventy-one" in his 1818 pension but is "about sixty-five" in his 1820 record, but Hingham enlistment records describe him as 21 in 1781. Archive.org. quarter given : the muster roll of Prince Charles Edward Stuart's APPENDIX 1 5 for the period Nov. 1779 through Feb. 1780 with the notation, Discharged Jan[uary] 19, 1780. 30 As the sound of combat grew fainter, the battle for individual rights began. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Acrobat Web Capture 9.0 2 (1988): 13958. Throughout the Revolution,the fightfor independencepermeated intoNative American tribes and alliances. An integrated military force representing the colonies was not exclusive to Washingtons main army. 2 . If Freeman was Conant, was he promised freedom to join or was he merely hopeful that freedom could be a possibility? The troops who came to camp included men from all thirteen of the original states. At the time of his application, Freeman showed his dire need for financial help. NARA M804, page 4, via Fold3.com. If Freeman is the same man "on command" with Scammell, he undoubtedly fought at Yorktown. WebWashington rapidly set troops in motion to bring on a general engagement with the enemy. These stories, whether of the same man or not, are examples of how little information exists about soldiers, particularly those of color, who played a critical role in the founding of the United States. Women followed the army to be with their husbands and contributed actively to the cause. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Fishkill He stated that he continued to serve in the same regiment until his honorable discharge in 1783. Perhaps the most important outcome of the encampment was the armys maturation into a more professional force. Ceys, Danforth - Dean, Samuel, Muster rolls (index file cards) of the Revolutionary War, 1767-1833 [Massachusetts], Image 1193, via FamilySearch.org. [38] Fortune Freeman, Pension No. Order of Battle. ([5/16/2011 9:36:32 AM])Tj Taking up positions along Brandywine Creek, Washington mistakenly believed that his army blocked all fords across the Brandywine. (*(%8H8c- fd9@6_IjH9(3=DR1%? uuid:97fc00cf-7f9f-47ec-8fe1-3e396fafbf5d Though monetary value depreciated as the war progressed, were bounty payments used to purchase his freedom? Leavened by "[23] This possibly means that Conant served on a mission outside of camp raids and skirmishes frequently took place as both the Continental and British forces tested each other's defenses. The Baron inspired a relish for the trade of soldiering that gave the troops a new sense of purpose and helped sustain them through many trials as they stuck to the task of securing independence. Brandywine Battle During the action at Barren Hill, Oneida soldiershelped delay the advancing British force. The British surrender at Saratoga brought the French into the war as American allies in February 1778. [36] "Alexander Scammell," The Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Hampshire, https://www.socnh.org/alexander-scammell/. in the service of the United States Commanded by William Shepard for the Month of May 1781, Muster/payrolls, and various papers (1763-1808) of the Revolutionary War, Vol. Baltimore, Maryland: Lord Baltimore Press, Maryland Historical Society. /Artifact <>BDC Download the official NPS app before your next visit, https://blogs.brandeis.edu/revolutions/2013/12/10/the-many-lives-of-fortune-freeman/, https://revolutionarywar.us/continental-army/massachusetts/, https://www.loc.gov/collections/george-washington-papers/articles-and-essays/timeline/the-american-revolution/, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-03961, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-05812, https://www.socnh.org/alexander-scammell/, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-07314, https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6129qv4. WebNOTE: The following information was transcribed from the original Muster Roll held at the National Archives and Records Aministration, College Park, MD. [26], Following the muster roll trail leads Conant to Bedford, New York. NJDARM: Collection Guide - Government of New [17] The committee in Billerica voted for an additional bounty of 24 to "such persons as will now Inlist into the Continental Army" but they needed to figure out how the money would be raised for the additional bounty. /CS0 cs 1 scn "[42] Was Freeman previously married, and if so, did his wife die? Webas a baggage guard at the Battle of Monmouth, N.J. (June 28, 1778). Muster Was Danforth's promotion to captain and participation in the war a motivating factor in Conant's enlistment? Civil War and Interregnum soldiers 1642-1660 9.1 General The women present at Valley Forge included hundreds of enlisted mens wives who followed the army year round, and some officers wives on extended visits. 69, Image 144, via FamilySearch.org. Standing shoulder to shoulder, anethnically diverse soldiery formed. But when Cornwallis marched his army toward the Chesapeake Bay, Washington saw an opportunity to strike. By the end of 1818, the program cost nearly $2 million.[7]. in history from Wheeling Jesuit University. Peter Salem was a freed slave from Massachusetts who is known for mortally wounding British Major John Pitcairn during the fighting at Bunker Hill. John Ward Dean, A.M. (Boston: New England Historic and Genealogical Society, 1896), 474. [5] John P. Resch. 1783, after a brief stay in Halifax, returned home to England. His paper trail then goes blank until 1783. [2] A preliminary study of pension records from 1981 found that of 13,500 Revolutionary War veterans, more than half (54 percent) had moved from their home state after the war. Hingham, though much smaller than Boston, sat on the same vital harbor that brought in goods, and more importantly in the later war years, support from France in the form of troops, arms, and money. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 Henry Allen Hazen, "History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical register. [13] The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. Phill Greenwalt is co-founder of Emerging Revolutionary War and is also a full-time contributor to Emerging Civil War. Was there hope for financial independence following the war? [19] Nixon's men comprised part of the main body of Gates' men during the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm and continued the campaign through the next month. Certainly, hardship did occur at Valley Forge, but the encampment experience could be characterized as suffering as usual, for privation was the continental soldiers constant companion. By 1820, Congress amended the 1818 Pension Act. n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. [12] Henry Allen Hazen, History of Billerica, Massachusetts, with a Genealogical register (Boston: A Williams & Co, 1887), 25. [22] If Freeman settled at camp with men who fought at Monmouth, he would have heard conversations about the battle. 1st New Jersey Regiment - Wikipedia Without finding Fortune's name in any Conant family records, we are left with questions about his early life. [19] "Massachusetts Regiments in the Continental Army," RevolutionaryWar.us, https://revolutionarywar.us/continental-army/massachusetts/. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, The American Revolution in Indian Country: Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities (Studies in North American Indian History), Native Americans in the American Revolution: How the War Divided, Devastated, and Transformed the Early American Indian World, The Effects of Weather on 18th Century Warfare, Allies and Enemies: British and American Attitudes towards Native Americans during the Revolution, African Americans in the Armed Forces Timeline, 5 Surprising Places to Find Native American Influence in History. WebThere is a Fifer Walter Maddox listed in the muster rolls of the 7th Maryland Regiment, Continental line. WebOn December 9, 1775, three companies from the First joined the 2nd Virginia Regiment in defeating Dunmore's troops at the Battle of Great Bridge near Norfolk. The warriors of these two tribes were among the last of Lafayettes forces to retreat across the Schuylkill River that day.

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