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Beta Thalassemia | Johns Hopkins Medicine For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. People with thalassemia trait dont usually have symptoms. Thalassemia may increase the risk of serious outcomes of COVID-19. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. (2022). But some researchers believe it may, based on the primarily mild symptoms of COVID-19 in people with thalassemia found in a study out of Southeast Asia. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Sotiriou S, et al. Learn what having thalassemia may mean for you during the COVID-19 pandemic. The clues have been mounting . Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens? Mark S. Lesney. . Autosomal means the affected genes arent on sex chromosomes. The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. Blood. A Southeast Asian perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: hemoglobin E (HbE)-trait confers resistance against COVID-19. As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. SARSCoV2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for haemoglobinopathy patients, their families and their attending physicians. The changing epidemiology of the ageing thalassaemia populations: a position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. and transmitted securely. (2022). A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. As a result, our understanding of the connection to blood type continues to evolve. The people with hidden immunity against Covid-19 - BBC Future Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Quite a bit of research has been published on the topic of blood type and its role in determining COVID-19 risk. Thalassemia Benefits - News-Medical.net Lets look at why and what you can do about it. In fact, some people prefer being able to communicate with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their own home. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in -thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. What are the symptoms of beta thalassemia? COVID-19. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. Coronavirus: People with thalassemia face "blood shortage", appeal for The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. EHA and TIF on How COVID-19 Affects Thalassemia and SCD Patients Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. It protects the epithelial barriers from pathogens and modulates excessive immune responses in . Let's look at why and how to get support to stop drinking: While not as serious as other causes of chest pain, anemia-related chest pain can be a sign that your current treatment plan isn't working. At this time, scientists are just beginning to learn how a diagnosis of thalassemia may affect the risk of COVID-19, potential complications, and how the pandemic may affect treatment, but preliminary research has revealed some trends. Beta Thalassemia Trait (Minor) - Nicklaus Children's Hospital SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. 2020;108:154260.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260, Leblanc JF, Germain M, Delage G, et al. -Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene blood disorder, while the assessment of its susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants it a pressing biomedical priority. (2022). 2019;133(12):1279-1289.doi:10.1182/blood-2018-10-879247, Yasara N, Premawardhena A, Mettananda S. A comprehensive review of hydroxyurea for -haemoglobinopathies: the role revisited during COVID-19 pandemic. In Beta thalassemia two genes are involved. 2022 Oct;58(10):1760-1765. doi: 10.1111/jpc.16082. Indian Pediatr. If you have concerns, speak with a doctor or healthcare professional about your individual risks. Daidone R, Carollo A, Perricone MP, Messina R, Balistreri CR. If symptoms occur, theyre likely to be mild. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. Consider talking with a doctor about testing for thalassemia trait if theres a history of thalassemia or thalassemia trait in your family, or if you plan to have a child with someone who has the trait or a family history of it. Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. Orphanet J Rare Dis. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. COVID-19 in benign hematology: emerging challenges and special considerations for healthcare professionals. 2020;95(8):E198-E199. April 21, 2020. Common COVID-19 treatments, including prone positioning (turning a patient on their stomach), non-invasive ventilation (oxygen delivered via a face mask), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (where a tube is inserted down the throat and a machine pumps air in and out of the lungs), may be needed depending on the severity. COVID-19 vaccine is high priority for cardiac patients. Korin Miller is a freelance writer specializing in general wellness, sexual health and relationships, shopping, and lifestyle trends, with work appearing in Womens Health, Self, Prevention, Forbes, Daily Beast, and more. That means getting vaccinated and boosted, social distancing, wearing a mask in public, and washing your hands regularly, among other things. For example, some of the common complications and coexisting conditions caused by thalassemia may also worsen COVID-19. eCollection 2022 Aug. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Thalassemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic States with religious and philosophical exemptions from school immunization requirements. 2020;91(3):e2020026. Abstract. The .gov means its official. Biochemistry, hemoglobin synthesis. 2020;40(4):587-601.doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.013, Hossain MS, Raheem E, Siddidqee MH. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that affects your body's ability to produce hemoglobin and healthy red blood cells. People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. Genetic correction of concurrent - and -thalassemia patient-derived pluripotent stem cells by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In a preprint review of studies from late July 2022, researchers examined how beta thalassemia minor affects outcomes of COVID-19. The allergy can develop after a, This inherited blood disorder usually requires vitamin supplement. (2022). Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Some of these release special . Healthy Living with Thalassemia | CDC -, Motta I, Migone De Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for . (2022). While there are no specific guidelines at this time, some researchers believe that hemoglobin levels should be monitored closely in people with thalassemia if they develop COVID-19, even when symptoms are only mild. Published 2020 Sep 7. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? Information for people with thalassemia - COVID-19 Vaccine The immune systems of more than 95% of people who recovered from COVID-19 had durable memories of the virus up to eight months after infection. Iron chelation therapy is also a vital treatment for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and should be continued until COVID-19 symptoms develop. Some studies estimate the worldwide prevalence of alpha-thalassemia trait to be as high as 5%. Epub 2020 Apr 27. A Study Says These 4 Factors May Predict Persistent Symptoms, Journal of the American Medical Association, CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. See additional information. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. A recent study in the Lombardy region identified the positivity of anti-Covid-19 antibodies in 4.5 . Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive condition. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. The site is secure. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. If you have potential symptoms of beta thalassemia, a doctor may order a blood test to look for signs of the disease. The causal virus behind this disease, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), conceivably attacks the . If your doctor suspects your child has thalassemia, he or she can confirm a diagnosis with blood tests. When a population has people with pre-existing immunity, as the T cell studies may be indicating is the case, the herd immunity threshold based on an R 0 of 2.5 can be reduced from 60% of a population getting infected right down to 10%, depending on the quantity and distribution of pre-existing immunity among people, Gupta's group calculated. -. ; 3 Hemoglobinopathies and Congenital Anemia Center, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy. (2022). This is the most important step in keeping you out of the hospital and alive. This means red blood cells aren't made properly or they are destroyed. The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use mRNA technology. Bender MA, et al. Severe thalassemia used to be fatal by early adulthood, but now people frequently live into their 60s or beyond. Bookshelf In Italy there are about 5000 patients with dependent transfusion thalassemia (source Italian Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies - SITE) and a smaller number, currently not definable, of patients with sickle cell anemia in chronic transfusion. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes you not to make enough hemoglobin, a protein in your blood. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD eCollection 2023. People with certain medical conditions. There are two types of thalassemia, alpha and beta. Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. Immunity is a complex process that involves a lot of moving parts. This shortage has been of even greater concern in South Asia (due to a high incidence of beta-thalassemia), where it's been estimated that 200,000 people depend on regular blood transfusions to manage their condition. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. The need for frequent blood transfusions and complications of the disease that result in more clinic visits and hospitalizations could raise the odds that someone would come into contact with the virus. 2020;105(1):1623. Experts Explain. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia Heterozygotes to COVID-19. Since hemoglobin levels already run low for many people with thalassemia, the combination of factors has raised some concerns. Vaccines can help people with beta thalassemia lower their chances of getting COVID-19 or having severe illness if they do get COVID-19. If you have a family history of thalassemia, you may want to know whether you carry the trait. Impaired immune cell . In a very small French study, researchers found that people with thalassemia under the age of 60 had higher rates of severe disease and hospitalization than the general population. People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination. Among people aged 36 or older, an average of 60% of thalassemia patients had at least one coexisting condition (100% in the non-transfusion dependent group and 41.7% in the transfusion-dependent group). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Thalassemia International Federation urge people with thalassemia to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends COVID-19 vaccines for everybody over 6 months of age in the United States. In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. ; 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences . Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. We avoid using tertiary references. It could be that antigens for people with type O blood block the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, and keeps it from entering into your cells, said Dr. Russo. Blood and Bone Marrow Genetic Disorders. Farid Y, et al. These medications bind to iron so that it can be expelled from the body. Epub 2020 Sep 15. The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion-dependent or non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. Brancaleoni V, et al. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people with thalassemia may be at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. But some silent carriers of alpha-thalassemia may need a DNA test to know for sure. People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are conflicting at this time. Read on to learn more about why its important for people with beta thalassemia to get vaccinated and why beta thalassemia may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Acta Biomed. While Health is trying to keep our stories as up-to-date as possible, we also encourage readers to stay informed on news and recommendations for their own communities by using the CDC, WHO, and their local public health department as resources. Splenectomy: When a person has a spleen removed for thalassemia, they are more likely to develop a secondary bacterial infection . Immunity is your body's ability to protect you from getting sick when you are exposed to an infectious agent ("germ") such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus. COVID-19: Beta-Thalassemia Subjects Immunised? - Preprints Needs T, et al. Possible symptoms include: Doctors sometimes mistake symptoms of thalassemia trait for iron deficiency. Blood types are split up into four major groups, all dependent on the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of the blood: A and B, according to the American Red Cross. These diseases usually occur only in people who have at least two abnormal . Co-inheritance of -thalassaemia and -thalassaemia in a prenatal screening population in mainland China. The proposed measures and strategies may be useful as a blueprint for other disorders which require regular hospital visits, as well as for the timely adaptation of patient care during similar future pandemics. Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. Research suggests that people with thalassemia may be at a slightly increased risk of contracting COVID-19, especially those who are transfusion dependent which puts them at an increased risk of exposure to the virus. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. PMC Thalassemia trait means you carry the gene that causes the disease, but you dont have the disease yourself. ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, UOC Medicina Generale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. 2020 Sep 25;15(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0. Epub 2022 Jul 5. fatalities for sickle cell anaemia carriers and for -thalassaemia carriers. Sotiriou S, et al. Some researchers hypothesize that thalassemia might be protective against COVID-19 as it is against malaria. Should you get a COVID vaccine if you have beta thalassemia? Munkongdee T, et al. Eating nutritious foods is important for everyone to maintain a healthy lifestyle - a diet, high in fruits and vegetables and low in fats is ideal for gaining the essential nutrients our bodies need. Vitamin and mineral supplementation may be recommended for some people with thalassemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted It's been found that, in general, people who have COVID-19 often have significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, especially with severe disease. The third group includes people with Thalassemia minor, who have mild anaemia only. For those who have not yet started the medication, delaying the use of the medication should be considered. Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. Beta thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. (2022). 2020;6(9):FSO628. So, its important to know your status. 2021 Mar 1;16(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. Parakh N, Pahuja S, Singh V, Kumar N, Chandra J. J Paediatr Child Health. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French The use of corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) can have both positive and negative effects and must be carefully weighed in people with thalassemia. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. While blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy (iron-binding drugs that are sometimes given via infusion) require traveling to a clinic or hospital, there are many healthcare visits that can be handled virtually. (2022). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Strategies to enhance information sharing, Strategies to enhance information sharing between healthcare professionals and patients and their families, Patient pathways during the pandemic: general pathway (left panel) and transfusiondependent patient pathway, A proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COVID19 in patients with haemoglobinopathies [Colour, MeSH Prevention measures are very important. If you have thalassemia trait, it means you carry a genetic mutation that causes thalassemia, but you dont have the disease yourself. A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group. In particular, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium. Jean-Mignard E, et al. Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data from the Italian experience. The Link Between Blood Type and COVID-19 Risk - Health COVID-19: beta-thalassemia subjects immunised? - Semantic Scholar You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. Bender MA, et al. Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). You can also have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. Thalassemia Benefits. 1,5% global population . Its considered safer to wait to begin gene therapy or prepare for a stem-cell transplant for thalassemia in communities currently affected by COVID-19. Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which a child has anemia.

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