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The largest "lake tide" that happens is called the Great Lakes spring tide, and is less than 5 centimeters, or 2 inches in height. [40], The Great Lakes contain 21% of the world's surface fresh water: 5,472 cubic miles (22,810km3), or 6.01015 U.S.gallons, that is 6quadrillion U.S gallons, (2.31016 liters). So they are in no direct risk of rising sea level. Many other water sports are practiced on the lakes such as yachting, sea kayaking, diving, kitesurfing, powerboating, and lake surfing. Together, they constitute the greatest freshwater system on Earth, covering an area larger than Texas and about half the size of Alaska. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. About 50million pounds (23kt) of fish is harvested each year from Great Lakes which has raised concerns on how this might affect human health. As one "sea" they would share a common surface elevation, but they do not. [93], A number of self operating floating devices called Seabin, were put in the Great Lakes to capture plastic trash as part of the Great Lakes Plastic Cleanup project. Marine debris is a persistent pollution problem that reaches throughout the entire ocean and Great Lakes. Except for Lakes Michigan and Huron, which are hydrologically one lake, their altitudes drop with each lake, usually causing a progressively increasing rate of flow. Are there any inland lakes in Michigan with ocean vibes? The Great Lakes form the western portion of the larger St. Lawrence hydrographic system. Some of these forests are second or third growth (i.e. The Great Lakes could be considered a failed ocean. [110], Alan B. McCullough has written that the fishing industry of the Great Lakes got its start "on the American side of Lake Ontario in Chaumont Bay, near the Maumee River on Lake Erie, and on the Detroit River at about the time of the War of 1812". Officials in parts of the Midwest and South have warned residents to have shelter ready before going to sleep. How were the Great Lakes of North America formed? In the early 21st century, Lake Superior's shores are 91% forested, Lake Huron 68%, Lake Ontario 49%, Lake Michigan 41%, and Lake Erie, where logging and urbanization has been most extensive, 21%. [11], Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. They hold about 90% of the freshwater in the United States and approximately 20% of the world's freshwater supply. [citation needed] This describes when older sewerage systems, which combine storm water with sewage into single sewers heading to the treatment plant, are temporarily overwhelmed by heavy rainstorms. In fact, two major suppliers of fish in the 1830s were the fur trading companies Hudson's Bay Company and the American Fur Company. Right now, the outflow, combined with evaporation both natural and man made, is larger than the inflow. [56] Since the glaciers covered some areas longer than others, this glacial rebound occurred at different rates. Pleasure boats can enter or exit the Great Lakes by way of the Erie Canal and Hudson River in New York. [127] The International Joint Commission was established in 1909 to help prevent and resolve disputes relating to the use and quality of boundary waters, and to advise Canada and the United States on questions related to water resources. The average annual rainfall in the Lake Superior basin is 30 inches (760 millimeters), 31 inches in Lakes Huron and Michigan, and 34 and 36 inches in Lakes Erie and Ontario, respectively. The answer is yes, our Great Lakes do have tides that occur twice each day, but they are much smaller in scale and barely noticeable unlike the ocean. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? "[62], By 1801, the New York Legislature found it necessary to pass regulations curtailing obstructions to the natural migrations of Atlantic salmon from Lake Erie into their spawning channels. Through the program a coalition of federal agencies is making grants to local and state entities for toxics cleanups, wetlands and coastline restoration projects, and invasive species-related projects. Why is the sea salinity high in the Mediterannean and Red Sea and low in Indonesia and Malaysia? @jamesqf We as a species are trying very hard to make that happen! Ontario is the most tightly regulated, with its outflow controlled by the Moses-Saunders Power Dam, which explains its consistent historical levels. [94] Microscopic pieces of plastic have also been found in drinking water coming from Great Lakes. You are wrong WRT the Great Lakes. Immigrants often formed their own communities, and some areas have a pronounced ethnicity, such as Dutch, German, Polish, Finnish, and many others. This temperature buffering produces areas known as "fruit belts", where fruit can be produced that is typically grown much farther south. This article is about the Great Lakes of North America. [50], The total surface area of the lakes is approximately 94,250 square miles (244,100km2)nearly the same size as the United Kingdom, and larger than the U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire combined. The Great Lakes are connected by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal to the Gulf of Mexico via the Illinois River (from the Chicago River) and the Mississippi River. Also note that Ontario is separated from Erie (and hence the upper lakes) by the Niagara River and a 167 ft/51 m waterfall. Located on Lake Michigan, this beach was named one of the 51 Great American Beaches by USA Today - and it's definitely deserving of the recognition. [70][needs update], The alewife first entered the system west of Lake Ontario via 19th-century canals. 1. In addition, the mussels may be a nuisance to industries by clogging pipes. Why did US v. Assange skip the court of appeal? In modern times, only about 1% of volume per year is "new" water, originating from rivers, precipitation, and groundwater springs. As the surfaces of Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, and Erie are all approximately the same elevation above sea level, while Lake Ontario is significantly lower, and because the Niagara Escarpment precludes all natural navigation, the four upper lakes are commonly called the "upper great lakes". As the slightly warmer, moist air passes over the colder land surface, the moisture often produces concentrated, heavy snowfall that sets up in bands or "streamers". The fishing industry expanded particularly in the waters associated with the fur trade that connect Lake Erie and Lake Huron. Score: 0 out of 3. Drainage through the Ottawa River valley ceased, and outflow from the upper lakes was established by way of the St. Clair and Detroit rivers into Lake Erie. Those rifts were then further (much later) "excavated" by glaciers. Can my creature spell be countered if I cast a split second spell after it? This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 15:18. [86] In early August 2019, satellite images depicted a bloom stretching up to 1,300 square kilometres on Lake Erie, with the heaviest concentration near Toledo, Ohio. janetcbl. Image credit: Ted Lawrence/Great Lakes Fishery Commission. [6][7][8][9], The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the Last Glacial Period around 14,000 years ago, as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land, which then filled with meltwater. Well, these lakes and rivers form when seawater seeps up through thick layers of salt, which are present beneath the seafloor. Because of their sea-like characteristics, such as rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons, the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas. Kppen climate classification Dfa (in southern areas) and Dfb (in northern parts)[57] with varying influences from air masses from other regions including dry, cold Arctic systems, mild Pacific air masses from the west, and warm, wet tropical systems from the south and the Gulf of Mexico. In 2007, the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society announced that it had found the wreckage of Cyprus, a 420-foot (130m) long, century-old ore carrier. The greatest concentration of shipwrecks lies near Thunder Bay (Michigan), beneath Lake Huron, near the point where eastbound and westbound shipping lanes converge. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. The Sea of Galilee is not saline. The first ship to sink in Lake Michigan was Le Griffon, also the first ship to sail the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes Waterway connects all the lakes; the smaller Saint Lawrence Seaway connects the lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. Crater Lake, Oregon Winter Scene at Crater Lake, Oregon. gulf, Endorheic? Although the region was sparsely populated until the 1830s, so there was not much local demand and transporting fish was prohibitively costly, there were economic and infrastructure developments that were promising for the future of the fishing industry going into the 1830s. Grain exports are also a major cargo on the lakes. Some people consider the Caspian sea to be a lake and others consider it to be a sea. [108] Lake Champlain briefly became the sixth Great Lake of the United States on March 6, 1998, when President Clinton signed Senate Bill 927. Near Collingwood, Ontario, commercial fruit orchards, including a few wineries, exist near the shoreline of southern Nottawasaga Bay. Microplastics can also come from synthetic clothing washed down our drains. Even late in winter, the lakes often have no icepack in the middle. This system extends generally eastward from the St. Louis River in Minnesota (which flows into Lake Superior), through the lakes and the St. Lawrence River, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at the Gulf of St. Lawrence. pp. While the influx of fresh water has driven the salinity relatively low compared to the oceans, the sea now only loses water through evaporation - so there's no way for the (tiny amounts) of incoming salts and (relatively large amounts) of sediment to go. While the spotlight on the sport tends to shine brighter on the oceans, here are 10 reasons why the Great Lakes are better. [69] Introductions into the Great Lakes include the zebra mussel, which was first discovered in 1988, and quagga mussel in 1989. The low point for the blocking land between the two seas is 27m above sea level. As the ice retreat continued, Lake Maumee was drained into Lake Chicago through a valley that now contains the Grand River in Michigan. Glacial clays and organic sediments occur in the deep areas. [52] Traversing the shoreline of all the lakes would cover a distance roughly equivalent to travelling half-way around the world at the equator. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [82], Phosphate detergents were historically a major source of nutrient to the Great Lakes algae blooms in particular in the warmer and shallower portions of the system such as Lake Erie, Saginaw Bay, Green Bay, and the southernmost portion of Lake Michigan. [89] The International Joint Commission in 2009 summarized the change: "Since the early 1970s, the level of treatment to reduce pollution from waste water discharges to the Great Lakes has improved considerably. "[90] The commission reported that all urban sewage treatment systems on the U.S. side of the lakes had implemented secondary treatment, as had all on the Canadian side except for five small systems. Adjunct Professor, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. These include the delicate opossum shrimp (order mysida), the deepwater scud (a crustacean of the order amphipoda), two types of copepods, and the deepwater sculpin (a spiny, large-headed fish). The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by Ren-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, was built at Cayuga Creek, near the southern end of the Niagara River, and became the first known sailing ship to travel the upper Great Lakes on August 7, 1679. One such spot boasts some of the bluest water in Michigan, and you might just want to spend all day unwinding along its shore. @Luaan: Also consider such "seas" as the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee, both of which are equivalent to medium-sized lakes. On whose turn does the fright from a terror dive end? [116] The Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve serves as an underwater museum to protect the many shipwrecks in this area. The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, described as "the largest investment in the Great Lakes in two decades",[132] was funded at $475million in the U.S. federal government's Fiscal Year 2011 budget, and $300million in the Fiscal Year 2012 budget. Earth Science Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for those interested in the geology, meteorology, oceanography, and environmental sciences. Updates? Native habitats and ecoregions in the Great Lakes region include: Logging of the extensive forests in the Great Lakes region removed riparian and adjacent tree cover over rivers and streams, which provide shade, moderating water temperatures in fish spawning grounds. The Great Lakes contain about 20% of the world's freshwater. [80] Discharge of toxic substances has been sharply reduced. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the CanadaUnited States border. Studies conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency have shown that when the mercury comes in contact with many of the bacteria and compounds in the fresh water, it forms the compound methyl mercury, which has a much greater impact on human health than elemental mercury due to a higher propensity for absorption. The Great Lakes receive their water supply from precipitation, which increases from west to east and from north to south. The RushBagot Treaty signed in 1818, after the War of 1812 and the later Treaty of Washington eventually led to a complete disarmament of naval vessels in the Great Lakes. Overall, this means it's not going to get saltier over time - it keeps pretty much constant salinity, which is pretty much zero compared to the oceans. The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. For instance, western Michigan has apple orchards, and cherry orchards are cultivated adjacent to the lake shore as far north as the Grand Traverse Bay. In 2002, 162million net tons of dry bulk cargo were moved on the Lakes. [83] Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria blooms,[84] have been problematic on Lake Erie since 2011. High on the list of the world's largest lakes, the five Great Lakes altogether account for over 244,700 km (94,250 mi) in total surface area. As the anti-depressant drugs pass out of human bodies and through sanitation systems into the Great Lakes, this has resulted in fish in the Great Lakes with twenty times the level of anti-depressants in their brains than what is in the water, leading to the fish being exceedingly happy and hence less risk-averse, to the extent of damaging the fish populations. This causes cooler summers and warmer winters than would otherwise occur in the region. In an incident at a Chicago dock in 1915, the SSEastland rolled over while loading passengers, killing 841. Sailing is a great and enjoyable activity on both the ocean and lake. Why typically people don't use biases in attention mechanism? [72] Five years after first being observed in the St. Clair River, the round goby can now be found in all of the Great Lakes. "@mswann82 @gavinbena Have you ever actually been to the great lakes? All measurements at Low Water Datum. [114] Several ferries currently operate on the Great Lakes to carry passengers to various islands. @jamesqf it would take melting the East Antarctic ice shelf (the big stable one). The first of 43 "Great Lakes Areas of Concern" to be formally "de-listed" through successful cleanup was Ontario's Collingwood Harbour in 1994; Ontario's Severn Sound followed in 2003. [111], The catch from these waters was sent to the growing market for salted fish in Detroit, where merchants involved in the fur trade had already gained some experience handling salted fish. [124] The iron ore and much of the stone and coal are used in the steel industry. This beach has 2,500 feet of shoreline open to the public for swimming, fishing and picnics, and has been a designated Blue Wave Beach (America's first environmental certification for beaches) since 2004. The Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States get pummeled by hurricanes every year, and after California finishes its transformation into a barren, sun-baked hellscape that will make the Dust. The present configuration of the Great Lakes basin is the result of the movement of massive glaciers through North America, a process that began about one million years ago during the Pleistocene Epoch. [10] The lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade, and fishing, serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity. The present configuration of the Great Lakes basin is the result of the movement of massive glaciers through the mid-continent, a process that began about one million years ago during the Pleistocene Epoch. I have always think a lake is endorheic and a sea never does. The outflows from lakes Superior and Ontario are regulated, while the outflows of Michigan-Huron and Erie are not regulated at all. The Great LakesSuperior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontarioform the largest surface of freshwater in the world, comprising more than 94,250 square miles (244,106 square kilometers) of east-central North America. The unstable West Antarctic ice cap and Greenland ice caps combined would only get us about halfway there. The Great Lakes have been observed to help intensify storms, such as Hurricane Hazel in 1954, and the 2011 Goderich, Ontario tornado, which moved onshore as a tornadic waterspout. The large lakes are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Mercury compounds have been used in paper mills to prevent slime from forming during their production, and chemical companies have used mercury to separate chlorine from brine solutions. [100] There is a positive correlation between the surface area and the chlorophyll concentration of diatom cells.[101]. [112] In the first half of the 20th century large luxurious passenger steamers sailed the lakes in opulence. It only takes a minute to sign up. they have been logged before, changing their composition). No list of Great Lakes beaches in Wisconsin is complete without mentioning North Beach. The dissolved salt makes the water denser, and because it is denser than the water around it, it will settle into the . On Friday, the Great Lakes Fire grew five times in size, from 7,000 to the current 36,000 acres. All five of the Great Lakes are high above sea level. Several Native American populations (Paleo-indians) inhabited the region around 10,000 BC, after the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. Major ports on the Great Lakes include Duluth-Superior, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Twin Harbors, Hamilton and Thunder Bay. Baraka Farrington/Google. In 2010, L.R. Unsurprisingly, the glacier-sourced melt water wasn't very salty. At one high-water stage, the waters of the Huron and Michigan basin formed one large lakeLake Algonquin. The lakes were originally fed by both precipitation and meltwater from glaciers which are no longer present. [34] Outflows through the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal is more than balanced by artificial inflows via the Ogoki River and Long Lake/Kenogami River diversions. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, iron and other ores such as copper were shipped south on (downbound ships), and supplies, food, and coal were shipped north (upbound). Uplift has continued at a rate of about 1 foot (30 centimetres) every 100 years; this is evidenced by the drowned river mouths of western Lakes Erie and Superior. Thanks for contributing an answer to Earth Science Stack Exchange! [30] Some of these lakes even have their own islands, like Treasure Island in Lake Mindemoya in Manitoulin Island. Historically, the Great Lakes, in addition to their lake ecology, were surrounded by various forest ecoregions (except in a relatively small area of southeast Lake Michigan where savanna or prairie occasionally intruded). Mercury has been known for health related problems such as birth defects in humans and animals, and the near extinction of eagles in the Great Lakes region. More recently an electric fence has been set up across the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in order to keep several species of invasive Asian carp out of the lakes. Posts: 26,684. The Erie Canal did not connect them to the St. Lawrence River (which was and is the natural outlet of the lakes to the sea). [29] Both of these islands are large enough to contain multiple lakes themselvesfor instance, Manitoulin Island's Lake Manitou is the world's largest lake on a freshwater island. (1977), "Studies on the Autecology of the Marine Diatom, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Great Lakes Areas of Concern Invasive species, Category:Fauna of the Great Lakes region (North America), Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America), Trees of the Great Lakes region (North America), Great Storms of the North American Great Lakes, Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal, List of municipalities on the Great Lakes, Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge, "LUHNA Chapter 6: Historical Landcover Changes in the Great Lakes Region", "Great Lakes: Basic Information: Physical Facts", "The Top Ten: The Ten Largest Lakes of the World", "Largest Lakes in the World by Area, Volume and Depth". janetcbl. The North American Great Lakes are unique among the world's large lakes in that their basins are linked together and form one continuous drainage basin. Doty, ship that sank in Lake Michigan 112 years ago, found largely intact near Milwaukee", "Great Lake Seaway Cargoes American Great Lakes Ports Association", "Federal Statute on Great Lakes. [14], Intensive human population growth began in the region in the 20th century and continues today. They played a central role in the European colonization and development of North America and for decades have attracted people and industry; Lakes Erie and Ontario and the southern portion of Lake Michigan are now ringed with large population concentrations. What lakes comprise the Great Lakes of North America? The depth of the Great Lakes, compared. Yes, tsunamis have been documented on all five of the Great Lakesat least, meteotsunamis, which have the same characteristics as tsunamis created by seismic events such as earthquakes and. This is similar to the effect of warmer air dropping snow as it passes over mountain ranges. It is a source of pride for both countries that there are no fortifications or warships along the boundary. All five lakes are connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River, which also serves as the drainage outflow for the Great Lakes Basin. However, unlike e.g. A valley was formed providing a basin that eventually became modern day Lake Superior. The names bodies of water have are historical, so what they are called is down to what somebody saw fit to call them in the past - not any modern taxonomy. Lake Chicago, in what is now the southern Lake Michigan basin, and Lake Maumee, in present-day western Lake Erie and its adjacent lowlands, originally drained southward into the Mississippi River through the Illinois and Wabash drainages, respectively. Laws, Robert R. Bidigare, John E. Dore, et al., Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, (1998), Effect of Phytoplankton Cell Geometry on Carbon Isotopic Fractionation, Vol. By taking CO2 out of the water to photosynthesize, diatoms help to stabilize the pH of the water, as CO2 would react with water to produce carbonic acid. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Particularly, the 1825 opening of the Erie Canal and the Welland Canal a few years later. The lakes drain roughly from west to east, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence lowlands. No, they're connected to the ocean by way of the, Sea-level connection? This is a result of significant expenditures to date on both infrastructure and technology, and robust regulatory systems that have proven to be, on the whole, quite effective. Among the most primitive of all vertebrate species, the sea lamprey is a . It has been estimated that the foundational geology that created the conditions shaping the present day upper Great Lakes was laid from 1.1 to 1.2billion years ago,[14][54] when two previously fused tectonic plates split apart and created the Midcontinent Rift, which crossed the Great Lakes Tectonic Zone. The project captured 74,000 pieces of trash using this technology between 2020 and 2021, however it does not claim to catch up with 22million pounds (10.0kt) of plastic that ends up in Great Lakes every year. The Great Loop is a continuous waterway that recreational mariners can travel that includes part of the Atlantic, Gulf Intracoastal Waterways, the Great Lakes, Canadian Heritage Canals, and the inland rivers of America's heartland. The process is only well-documented in the Great Lakes, and has been credited with sparing the southern shorelines from worse rocky erosion.[53]. The prevailing winds from the west pick up the air and moisture from the lake surface, which is slightly warmer in relation to the cold surface winds above. In contrast, the Great Lakes have an outflow into the ocean, which carries away a lot of the dissolved salts and sediment. In the post-glacial period, evaporation, and drainage have generally been balanced, making the levels of the lakes relatively constant. But from Duluth to Chicago to Cleveland to Buffalo, leaders are reeling from untold billions in damage and the prospect that climate change will make things worse in the . Sure, the Great Lakes are a lot cleaner than they were back in the 1960s, when a Cleveland newspaper pronounced Lake Erie dead due to the huge amount of industrial and agricultural pollution and . The eastern shore of Lake Michigan and the southern shore of Lake Erie have many successful wineries because of the lakes' moderating effects, as do the large commercial fruit and wine growing areas of the Niagara Peninsula located between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. [35] In the late 1960s, the various state and federal governments began stocking several species of salmonids, including the native lake trout as well as non-native chinook and coho salmon; by the 1980s, alewife populations had dropped drastically. The production, consumption, and throwing away of plastics seems to remain the core of Great Lakes trash problem.[96]. [92], Researchers have found more than 22million pounds (10.0kt) of plastic in the Great Lakes each year. [95] High concentrations of microplastics were discovered in 100 percent of the fish that were studied by researchers from the Rochman Lab. The number of American adults who take anti-depressant drugs rose from 7.7% of all American adults in 19992002 to 12.7% in 20112014. Despite their vast size, large sections of the Great Lakes freeze over in winter, interrupting most shipping from January to March. These storms mainly occur during the night, and the systems sometimes have small embedded tornadoes, but more often straight-line winds accompanied by intense lightning. The ongoing disaster striking the coastal communities of the Great Lakes hasn't captured national attention like hurricanes and wildfires in other parts of the country. By the mid-1980s, most jurisdictions bordering the Great Lakes had controlled phosphate detergents. Most lakes support a lot of aquatic life, but not all. Correction is in order here. It is estimated that nearly 40 million people in the region rely on drinking water from the Great Lakes. Water began filling the glacially scoured basins as soon as the ice receded, some 14,000 years ago. Some lake freighters are too large to use the Seaway and operate only on the Waterway and lakes. [125] A few small cruise ships operate on the Great Lakes including some sailing ships. The area of each rectangle is proportionate to the volume of each lake. The Great Lakes are not only notable for their form, but also their functionthey're a crucial waterway contributing to the economy of the area, supporting over 50 million jobs and contributing $6 trillion to gross domestic product (GDP). The Dead Sea in the Middle East isn't called "Dead" for nothing it is too salty for aquatic life! The poor fools didn't quite consider the ecological and economical impact of that, and just imagined all the new land that would open to settlement. Early European settlers were astounded by both the variety and quantity of fish; there were 150 different species in the Great Lakes. The Niagara Escarpment follows the contour of the Great Lakes between New York and Wisconsin. They are in a place where rifting started to create a new ocean, but it never got connected to the ocean system (and flooded), and that was still the case when the rifting eventually stopped. The surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region, which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis. [14] Throughout history, fish populations were the early indicator of the condition of the Lakes and have remained one of the key indicators even in the current era of sophisticated analyses and measuring instruments. Although Lake Baikal in Russia has a larger volume of water, the combined area of the Great Lakessome 94,250 square miles (244,106 square kilometres)represents the largest surface of fresh water in the world, covering an area exceeding that of the United Kingdom.

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