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[117], On December 28, 2013, the total length of high-speed rail tracks nationally topped 10,000km (6,200mi) with the opening of the XiamenShenzhen, XianBaoji, ChongqingLichuan high-speed railways as well as intercity lines in Hubei and Guangxi. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway (where fares do not cover electricity costs) are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. China's railway diplomacy hits the buffers | Financial Times [155] The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is one of the few lines that have been profitable, with profits steadily increasing after first breaking even in 2014, and achieving revenue of CNY 29.6 billion and net profit of CNY 12.7 billion in 2017. As of 2010, the CRIC-bonds are considered to be relatively safe investments because they are backed by assets (the railways) and implicitly by the government. And almost lines along Eastern coast are busy and profitable. To better compete with foreign trainmakers, the central authorities arranged for the merger of the country's two main high-speed train-makers, CSR and CNR, into CRRC. [104] But in the late summer, state banks began to cut back on lending to rail construction projects, which reduced funding for existing railway projects. China's once profitable railways records $900bn debt over push for growth In May 2011, China's Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests. [63][64], In April 2011, the new Minister of Railways Sheng Guangzu said that due to corruption, safety may have been compromised on some construction projects and completion dates may have to be pushed back. "[16][17], High-speed rail in China is officially defined as "newly-built passenger-dedicated rail lines designed for electrical multiple unit (EMU) train sets traveling at not less than 250km/h (155mph) (including lines with reserved capacity for upgrade to the 250km/h (155mph) standard) on which initial service operate at not less than 200km/h (124mph). An extended version of the Fuxing bullet train is expected to . [107], By early 2012, the Chinese government renewed investments in high-speed rail to rejuvenate the slowing economy. Economic benefits of high-speed rail: Do they match the breakneck speed? This statistic is not included in your account. [59], In February 2011, Railway Minister Liu Zhijun, a key proponent of HSR expansion in China, was removed from office on charges of corruption. Maglev received a big boost in 2000 when the Shanghai Municipal Government agreed to purchase a turnkey TransRapid train system from Germany for the 30.5km (19.0mi) rail link connecting Shanghai Pudong International Airport and the city. Is China high-speed rail profitable? Through five rounds of "Speed-Up" campaigns in April 1997, October 1998, October 2000, November 2001, and April 2004, passenger service on 7,700km (4,800mi) of existing tracks was upgraded to reach sub-high speeds of 160km/h (100mph).[26]. Some 295 stations have been built or renovated to allow high-speed trains.[31][32]. Kawasaki's cooperation with CSR did not last as long. He set up what became known as the "high-speed rail dream" after his visit to Japan in 1978, where he was deeply impressed by the Shinkansen, the world's first high speed rail system. CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. [97][98] The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from 250km/h (155mph) to 200km/h (124mph), and 200km/h (124mph) to 160km/h (99mph) on upgraded pre-existing lines. Fact Sheet | High Speed Rail Development Worldwide A total of 400 new generation trains were ordered. Euro Carex (Europe Cargo Rail Express) is founded in April 2009 as an international non-profit association. While a number of high-speed railways in eastern China have started to be operationally profitable since 2015, the high speed railways in the midwest still operate at a loss. In 2018, China Railway operated 3,970.5 pairs of passenger train service, of which 2,775 pairs were carried by EMU train sets. [69][70] In June, the MOR maintained that high-speed rail construction was not slowing down. The global expansion of China's high-speed rail sector is particularly problematic because of its disregard for profit. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. With the exception of Siemens which refused to lower its demand of CN350million per train set and 390million for the technology transfer, the other three were all awarded portions of the contract. The earliest PDLs built were sections of the corridors that connected large cities in the same region. [139] However, according to The New York Times, the Chinese high-speed rail network is "one of the worlds safest transportation systems. The CRH's high-speed trains are called Harmony and Rejuvenation. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. "China to Bid on US High-Speed Rail Projects" A.P. [21] In December 1990, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) submitted to the National People's Congress a proposal to build a high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date China Railway reports the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets and this figure is frequently reported as high-speed ridership, even though this figure includes passengers from EMU trains providing sub-high speed service. Alstom also won an order for 60 train sets based on the New Pendolino developed by Alstom-Ferroviaria in Italy. In addition to track and scheduling improvements, the MOR also deployed faster CRH series trains. In mid 2015, China has signed up to design a high-speed railway between the Russian cities of Moscow and Kazan, one of the first concrete examples of the new business with China that Russian officials have been pursuing with renewed vigor since falling out with the West. [52][53] The government has justified the expensive undertaking as promoting a number of policy objectives. Some intercity lines run parallel to other high-speed rail lines but serve more stations along the route. Bombardier, through its joint venture with CSR's Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co (CSR Sifang), Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd (BST). Trains can operate at 200km/h (124mph) on many of the conventional main lines. [47] Kawasaki challenged China's high-speed rail project for patent theft, but backed off the effort.[48]. But high-speed trains often have to share tracks with slower, heavy freight trains in some cases with as little as 5 minutes headway. The transferred technology includes assembly, body, bogie, traction current transforming, traction transformers, traction motors, traction control, brake systems, and train control networks. As per the official statement of National High-Speed Rail . The Euro Carex is a truly European scale project that aims at using the existing high-speed . [33] At the time, planners were divided between using high-speed trains with wheels that run on conventional standard gauge tracks or magnetic levitation trains that run on special maglev tracks for a new national high-speed rail network. [123], The government actively promoted the export of high-speed rail technology to countries including Mexico, Thailand, the United Kingdom, India, Russia and Turkey. A unit of Russia's state-owned JSC Russian Railways signed a contract with the design unit of China's state-controlled China Railway Group to come up with the plans for a 770 kilometer high-speed rail between the two Russian cities. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. Overcrowding on existing rail lines, they said, could be solved by expanding capacity through higher speed and frequency of service. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Along with CRH3C, produced by Siemens and CNR Tangshan, CSR Sifang bid 60 sets of CRH2C. State planning for China's current high-speed railway network began in the early 1990s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). A high-speed rail line connecting Kunming to Vientiane, the capital of Laos, was opened after five years of construction. The GuiyangGuangzhou high-speed railway and LanzhouXinjiang high-speed railway are both suffering from high maintenance cost due to harsh climate conditions and complicated terrain structure. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Certain mixed use freight and passenger rail lines, that can be upgraded for train speeds of 250km/h (155mph), with current passenger service of at least 200km/h (124mph), are also considered high-speed rail.[18]. Raymond Seow on Twitter: "What did the delicate girl do for the [209] Nevertheless, by any measure, high-speed rail ridership in China has grown rapidly with expansion of the high-speed rail network and EMU service since 2008. Railway officials lowered the top speed of trains on most lines that were running at 350km/h (217mph) to 300km/h (186mph). [41] Of the 60 train sets, three were directly delivered from Nagoya, Japan, six were kits assembled at CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock, and the remaining 51 were made in China using transferred technology with domestic and imported parts. [178] In 2013, ridership totaled 25.85million. ", "High-Speed Rail: The Fast Track to Economic Development? The trains have a top operational speed of 430km/h (267mph) and can reach a top non-commercial speed of 501km/h (311mph). Chinese train-makers, after receiving transferred foreign technology, have been able to achieve a considerable degree of self-sufficiency in making the next generation of high-speed trains by developing indigenous capability to produce key parts and improving upon foreign designs. [138], The safety issue that drew the attention of the public and the government was the Wenzhou train collision which happened on July 23, 2011, in which 40 people died, 172 were injured, and 54 related officials blamed and punished. Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay.

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