victorian slums facts ks2breaking news shooting in greenville, nc

In the last two decades of the Victorian era a rising number of missionaries, social relief workers and investigators, politicians, journalists and fiction writers as well as middle-class do-gooders and philanthropists made frequent visits to the East End slums to see how the poor lived. Two views of Whitechapel by Joseph Pennell: An East End Factory and Whitechapel Shops. Victorian facts. Social History > 6. Archives, Open Government Licence Exploring the invention of the train and the expansion of the Victorian rail network. They volunteered in parish charities, worked as nurses and teachers and some of them conducted sociological studies. This sort of gratuitous writing was not confined to newspaper reports; a genre known as slum fiction became popular, including well-known titles such as George Gissings The Nether World and Arthur Morrisons A Child of the Jago as well as the popular penny dreadfuls. -----BEGIN REPORT----- NzFhYjFjYjMyODc0OWI5NGIyYWJkZWY0YzhiNjM3M2QwZjU0YTkwYjk4MDc3 Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. The London County Council (LCC) decided to clear the Old Nichol slums in the 1890s, and the first council housing development in Britain, called the Boundary Estate, was built in its place shortly before 1900. ZjJhY2UyZjViZjUxYmQwZTY0ZDM0OGE2M2JjNDA0MmIxODFkNGY5ZjBmYmQ4 [Victorian Schools](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/victorian-schools-lesson-for-ks2-12059628) A full lesson for KS2 about Victorian schools, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. MmRhZjI2YmZlZjNmMDAwMmJlOWZlZjE0MTQwOTM3ZTAzYjJjOWQ0N2ZmZTNm Finally, for more suggestions on how to carry out a local study use ourvideo guidance in the Victorians website. A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place. [1]. During the Victorian era, the Industrial Revolution was happening - this is when scientific inventions meant that it was easier to make things to sell, and that those things could be sent to places further away than before. YTIwNDQ2Yjk2MmFjMjdkYzQzYjYyYWU5MGNlOTY5NWUxYmYxZDQ0NWJhMmEw Several prominent writers wrote about the urban slum during this period, including Jacob Riis, George Sims, Margaret Harkness, Arthur Morrison and Jack London. Officially entitled An Inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People of Londonthe survey began in 1886 and took Booth and his assistants 17 years to complete. The men are not allowed to smoke in it, not even when they are in their dotage; the young women never taste tea, and the old ones may not indulge in a cup during the long afternoons, only at half-past six o'clock morning and night, when they receive a small hunch of bread with butter scraped over the surface, and a mug of that beverage which is so dear to their hearts as well as their stomachs. The Victorian era | TheSchoolRun Your access to this site was blocked by Wordfence, a security provider, who protects sites from malicious activity. How to eat like a Victorian - BBC News Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. Most houses in Victorian times were either terraced housing or detached buildings, although some of the less desirable were 'back to back' (an example of which can still be found in Birmingham) where the only windows were at the front, and there were no back gardens. Sanitary Ramblings: Being Sketches and Illustrations of Bethnal Green, Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great I have designed an alleyway which has three buildings made into five small living areas. Print these to display in your classroom or turn them into a research activity for KS2 children. Daniel Gilbert and the Sisters of Mercy opened a night refuge for destitute women and children in Providence Row. Residents themselves demonstrated some agency in 1875, organising a petition that was submitted to the council, calling attention to the closet accommodation to the houses at west end of Quiet Womans Row, which is a disgrace and a nuisance to the neighbourhood. Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UP, 1983. 15 Victorian facts for kids - National Geographic Kids Intro. The Victorians | Teaching Resources A notorious dockside street in the Pillgwenlly district of Newport, south Wales, the Row had been the subject of an increasing number of newspaper articles in the years before Rosinas case made the news. Facts about Victorians KS2 | Lives of the Rich and Poor - Twinkl Slumming: Sexual and Social Politics in Victorian London. Fantastic comprehensive overview of the Victorian Era - thank you! Men were thugs; women were either unfeminine, displaying a lack of mothering instincts towards their children, or innocents who had married and become victims of domestic violence, left cowering in their slums, or desperately seeking to maintain respectability in the face of abject poverty. As many as 15 members of a . v3.0, What type of document is it? Wohl, Anthony S. The Eternal Slum: Housing and Social Policy in Victorian London. Add a few film clips from you tube on living conditions in Victorian slums. Desolation Row: Victorian Britains Sensational Slums. Poor children often had to work to earn money for their family. The residents of Oxford House were socially-conscious members of the upper classes who wanted to get acquainted with the sordid living conditions of the poor and, simultaneously, establish better cross-class relationships based on Christian brotherhood and benevolence. These warrens of dark courts with even darker activities were known . Any unwelcome attention from an over-zealous policeman was swiftly dealt with by way of a bribes. One of the many New York City slum photographs of Jacob Riis (ca 1890). There were also over 200 common lodging houses which provided shelter for some 8000 homeless and destitute people per night. Dharavi slum started in 1887 with industrial and segregationist policies of the British colonial era. a study over time tracing how several aspects national history are reflected in the locality (this can go beyond 1066) By the closing years of Queen Victorias reign public opinion of poverty and its myriad evils was beginning to change. Rosina Meagher became a slumland sensation. Tailor Russell and his family get to grips with the Victorian rag trade. Michael Mosley presents The Victorian Slum on BBC Two on Mondays at 21:00 BST - catch up on BBC iPlayer. Isambard Kingdom Brunel consists of three episodes about the Thames Tunnel, The Great Western Railway, and the SS Great Eastern, Three episodes about the life of Mary Seacole at the time of the Crimean War and after, Find out about Dr David Livingstone's expeditions to Africa, including Victoria Falls. 4. It is a place where people may not have basic needs. ZmJjZmYxYjVlNzAwY2QyYjI5MjczYjg0MDFmNDkyN2EzN2VkZWE4YWVkYWE3 A Victorian house refers to any house built during the reign of Queen Victoria (18371901). What do any of these sources tell us about the lives of adults (a) rich (b) poor? This post is the first in a series on how the poor lived in Victorian England. But there was fear, as well as curiosity, in how the case was reported. Generally, poor people couldn't afford their own home, or the new systems to run them, and lived in environments comparable to slums. Victorian Era Slums. MWZkMTY0Yzg4NjRmMDkyOTE1OTdlNzY0ZDlmOTNjZDJhZjAyYjMyZWNmNTcz Their cross-class sexual fellowships contributed to diminishing class barriers and reshaping gender relations at the turn of the nineteenth century. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, Friends of The National As a result of the press coverage, slum tourists converged on the Row to see how the poor of their town lived and to see where a woman was nearly murdered. Slumming In This Compare and discuss your choices with those of a friend, 9. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2001. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. By focusing on the crimes rather than their underlying causes and by making the Row a no mans land where fearless investigative reporters volunteered to visit and report on the inhabitants as though they were a foreign tribe, press coverage made the Row appear not a part of Newport and if it wasnt part of Newport, it shouldnt be there. (letter, report, photograph or newspaper), Check the meaning of any words you are unsure about. YTM5MDU3YTk3ZDA1NjRjOGI1MzJmZGJmYTBkYzQ1Mjc1ZGNmMmFkNjg4YzM0 Slum tourism developed, where members of polite society went to see for themselves what the slums were like. -----END REPORT-----. Described by the Daily Mail as the worst street in London it played host to the people most Londoners preferred to forget. Empty reply does not make any sense for the end user. Search above YzA5YTQ4MDg2ZmQ3ZjJkMGUwZjA1ZDQ4ZWZkZTU5MzYzMDljNTcyYTVlNzky Image National Trust Cragside Northumberland. a depth study linked to one of the British areas of study One such man was Henry Mayhew, a journalist who wrote a series of articles about Londons poverty-stricken inhabitants during the early years of Queen Victorias reign. Harkness, Margaret. ZjVmOTI3MWNiYzk1NGVmZGFlYzMxMDE0ZDc3Y2VhYTExYmQxOTQxNjAzZmNl The Anti-society: An Account of the Victorian Underworld. No link was made between the high instances of petty crime in the Row and unemployment, low wages or poor living conditions. A slum dwelling in Borgergade in central Copenhagen Denmark, about 1940. MDQ5ODY4ODVmODcxNTMyYzNiODk1MGE5OWViMTNjYjU0MTg5ODk0Y2IxNDNj In the second half of the nineteenth century, London slums attracted the attention of journalists and social researchers, who described them as areas of extreme poverty, degradation, crime and violence, and called for an immediate public action to improve the living and sanitary conditions of the working classes. The national press covered widely shocking and sensational news from the slums. Outside - houses were built with brick or stone, and welsh slates were typically used on the roofs. Kids Encyclopedia Facts. New York: The Library of America, 1982, also In the reports detailing of the beaten wifes flushed face, agonised eyes and torn bodice it particularly resembles the latter. Such women as Annie Besant, Lady Constance Battersea, Helen Bosanquet, Clara Collet, Emma Cons, Octavia Hill, Margaret Harkness, Beatrice Potter (Webb), and Ella Pycroft explored some of Londons most notorious rookeries, and their eye-witness reports gradually changed the public opinion about the causes of poverty and squalor. Queen Victoria's 63-year reign saw Britain's power and wealth grow rapidly, its reach extending across the globe. Exterior woodwork was often painted in dark colours, like green or purple, and the houses had cellars built in to store coal for the winter. The lodging house doors opened at around 8pm each evening and the inmates were turned out, whatever the weather, at 10am the following morning so the rooms could be aired in preparation for the next intake. 5. The local major employer was Allen & Hanbury's, one of the biggest factories in the East End, which produced pharmaceutical and medical goods. Slums in the city of Chau Doc, Vietnam over river Hu (Mekong branch). Does it share the same ideas, attitudes and arguments? Brick Lane, which passes through Spitalfields, was inhabited in the 1880s mostly by Orthodox Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. Some interesting Victorian facts for kids are: Only wealthy children went to school in the Victorian era because education was not free. [Victorian Crime and Punishment](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/victorian-crime-and-punishment-lesson-for-ks2-12060410) A full lesson for KS2 about crime and punishment in the Victorian period, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. NmI2ZWMwMDA0OGQ5NTFkZDY4ZDFkYjA2ODgzMjQ4YjgzY2UyODExZDdiZmFk Slum stories, of course, were written by outsiders and shaped by preconceptions of slum life. Slums ceased to be regarded as a disease in themselves and gradually came to be viewed as a symptom of a much larger social ill. (Wohl 223) A number of contemporary accounts about subhuman life in the slums aroused public concern. A slum is a part of a city or a town where many poor people live. Children were either feral, running around in the streets with little parental guidance, or like the women innocent beings who, if removed from their environment, might thrive. NDY5MDJiMzU3N2I2NGM0Y2Y5NmIwYmRlMzM3YTFlZDljYTRlMjNlZTVlNDAz Image National Trust Birmingham Back to Backs. Unlike most classical styles, Victorian houses loved asymmetric shapes. Generated by Wordfence at Tue, 2 May 2023 8:49:43 GMT.Your computer's time: document.write(new Date().toUTCString());. Reports of this girls misadventure neatly reflect the tropes of slumland storytelling a term coined by the historian Alan Mayne to describe the way newspapers in this period increasingly reported criminal incidents in the slum in a manner calculated to appeal to their middle-class, literate, readership. The sources could be used to help provide a sense of period and show pupils the type of sources they may encounter when looking at material in their local archive, museum or record office. Slumming. Make your case to the rest of the class, 11. As a result, the London County Council tried to get rid of the worst slums by introducing several slum clearance programmes, but by the end of the nineteenth century few housing schemes for the poor were implemented. In the late Victorian era London's East End became a popular destination for slumming, a new phenomenon which emerged in the 1880s on an unprecedented scale. Slums. They all largely followed the same layout and design style, and continue to be a defining feature of many . Many poor families lived crammed in single-room accommodations without sanitation and proper ventilation. Slum women were usually either untidy women and inadequate housekeepers, or innocents corrupted by the slum. Use the sources to find out how the Victorians enjoyed themselves. She is also passionate about passing on her love for knowledge to her sons through learning and having adventure. Victorian London streets with terraces, Gustave Dor, 1872. When a case as horrific as the Meagher attack made the pages of the newspapers, there was a desire by those in Newport to distance themselves from the poor in their area. It consisted of 20 narrow streets containing 730 dilapidated terraced houses which were inhabited by some 6,000 people. In 1850, a report into the sanitation of the town had described it in grim terms: damp and filthy, with only one outside privy to serve 14 houses and an ever-present stench due to the existence of an open rubbish pit. Soon it wasnt it was demolished in 1899, and the last reference to it in the press, in 1910, made clear that it was a piece of history deservedly consigned to the past. A lot of the London we see today was built in Victorian times. 9 Most Interesting Facts About Victorian Houses | House Grail 4 vols. It would be helpful for the pupils to watch theopening videoin Start Here on ourVictorians websitebefore looking at the sources to get the most out of the questions and activities as well as looking at general guidance questions below on how to evaluate and understand documents. [Victorian Working Children](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/victorian-working-children-lesson-for-ks2-12059555) A full lesson for KS2 exploring the topic of jobs for Victorian children, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. A slum in Haiti damaged by 2010 earthquake. . New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2009. And because women were seen as being akin to children, their loss of virtue, or their criminality, was particularly shocking. Victorian London streets with terraces, Gustave Dor, 1872. Although Victorian society in general chose to ignore the horrific conditions in the slums, some individuals were determined to expose the plight of the poor. ODgyNDEzMGRjM2MyOWU1OTRiYzhmMzJmY2FjYzg4NDM3OTZiNWMxNGRlZGUy Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. 03 October 2016. Victorian Slums project | Bede Burn Primary School Find out more. In 1899, the Belfast-based Northern Whig published a large feature that pushed for wholesale slum clearances. Squalor can be seen in the streets, wash clothes hanging between buildings. NDVhNGEwNTI0YTdmYjEzOTljNDdlM2NmNDRmNmQ1MTVmMDlmNjRlYzIyMDVm Cobbett, William. Endangered Lives: Public Health in Victorian Britain. These doss houses were a familiar sight in the Victorian slums. St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE, To put the Victorian period into historical context, To use historical sources to find out about the Victorian period. The residents of the Row were living in conditions regarded as among the worst in the area, where the struggle to even get the most basic of amenities took years and where they were seen by the rest of Newport as, essentially, a foreign presence. Rural Rides. Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya, the second-largest slum in Africa and third-largest in the world. The assault left her seriously injured. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. And with no bath, they would wash in metal tubs in the kitchen, and the whole household would share the same water - you'd definitely want to get in first. Your privacy is important to us. As a result, many could not go to school. File previews. London: The Biography. Back to all content from School Radio - History. Rosina was to be the latter, the bourgeois ideal of womanhood; a pretty, golden-haired girl with an alcoholic, abusive husband, who, despite living in a slum street, kept her house and its exterior tidy, so that it presents a cleaner aspect than others. YmFjZGJhYWYzZTNkZjJmNWU2NDAzNThiNDgzZmFjYmE1OGQ5NTgzYzJlNGQ2 Slum Travelers: Ladies and London Poverty, 1860-1920. Living Conditions in the Victorian slums- improved The water from the pump was . Slum in Tai Hang, Hong Kong, in the 1990s. Scotland, Nigel. Jack London, who explored the living conditions of the poor in Whitechapel for six weeks in 1902, was astounded by the misery and overcrowding of the Whitechapel slums. [Who Was Queen Victoria? The rates of crime and violence were very high in the slums and many young people turned to crime to avoid the workhouse. A little gruel morning and night, meat twice a week, that is the food of the grown-up people, seasoned with hard work and prison discipline. 1. He wrote a book about its miserable inhabitants and gave it the title The People of the Abyss. Chimney-sweeps consists of three episodes about what life was like for city children working as chimney sweeps during the Victorian era. Image National Trust Birmingham Back to Backs. The assault left her seriously injured. The press created melodramatic tales of slum life, stressing the inherent criminality of slum dwellers who were presented as clearly gendered stereotypes. Rosina lived in a notorious lane in Newport known as 'Quiet Woman's Row', so-called satirically in the local press as a shorthand for the domestic . This page was last modified on 23 September 2022, at 21:01. A FREE full lesson for KS2 introducing the Victorian period, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. creative tips and more. 1 review. The economic, social and cultural deprivation of slum dwellers attracted in the second half of the nineteenth century the attention of various groups of the middle- and upper-classes, which included philanthropists, religious missionaries, charity workers, social investigators, writers, and also rich people seeking disrespectable amusements. O n 2 November 1895, Rosina Meagher, a young Welsh woman, was attacked by her husband. Charles Booths map of London poverty with darker areas indicating poorer living conditions. The Victorians - Top Ten Facts The Victorian era is what we call the time that Queen Victoria reigned: 1837-1901. I.B. ZGJmYzc3ZTAyNjhkYjVjNzUyZDhmZTdlY2FiNWEyYmI3MGI5N2E2NDY1MzYz Stedman Jones, G. Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship Between Classes in Victorian Society. When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. These included fights over the use of shared washing-lines, arguments over keeping animals in backyards and the theft of coal from the nearby docks. Our popular resources have been tried and tested in hundreds of classrooms. Harmonsworth: Penguin, 1970. Assistance was only awarded to people who could earn a living, however meagre that living might be. Explain how the sources are connected within your themes. OWZmNDhkY2Q0YjE1MzdhOTk1MjVjMDQ1ZTgzMzQ3ODA5MDc2ZDFiODBhOTVk In the 1880s and 1890s a great number of middle- and upper-class women and men were involved in charity and social work, particularly in the East End slums. After the Liberal Party swept to power in the 1906 General Election more welfare reforms were introduced, notably the introduction of old-age pensions in 1908. The time when Queen Victoria reigned is called the Victorian era or Victorian age. By the early 1890s a number of shuls (synagogues) and chevrots (small places of worship) had been opened in Spitalfields and the neighbouring areas. During Queen Victorias reign numerous slums lurked behind the capitals busy thoroughfares: Vicious and overcrowded hovels were sandwiched in between the Mile End Road and Commercial Road in Stepney, wretched rookeries lay behind Drury Lane and filthy tenements lined the west side of Borough High Street. What was life like for children in Victorian London? Most middle to upper-class Victorian homes had a fireplace, with coal fires, in every room, underground sewers for waste disposal and running water in the kitchens. Check your inbox for your latest news from us. We recognise that not all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children and families or in all circumstances. A whole street (sometimes more) would have to share a couple of toilets and a pump. ZTI4NTYxN2ZlZjQ2ODgwNmQzMGE0MTA2YjU5NjczYzRjNzI5ZjM1ZDQ2MTZi But overwhelmingly press coverage focused on the women of the Row. Still can't find what you're looking for? Hide items that would be out of place in a room from each era - for example, a flushing toilet in the Victorian slums, or a water pump in a modern kitchen - will kids spot what shouldn't be there? The Victorian authorities were very happy to hand over the problem of social housing to private landlords. These slums are on stilts to withstand routine floods which last 3 to 4 months every year. Slums were scattered around Paris through the 1950s. The sensationalism of slum reporting had been replaced by a mere footnote in an article about curious place names of the past. The pack contains the following lessons: There is little doubt that late Victorian slums were the consequence of the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation of the country, which led to a more dramatic spatial separation between the rich and the poor, known as the two-nation divide, with incomparably different lifestyles and living standards. Which sources are useful to find out how clothing for women and children has changed from Victorian times? YjQyMDhkMjljYTcyMDEyZDgyNTQ1NzE3OTdjNTY5YzgzMjhiZThlNTdkYzZi [September 14, 1884 ]. Victorian homelife - BBC Bitesize Tes Global Ltd is Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. Upper-class slummers sometimes spent in disguise a night or more in poor boarding houses seeking to experience taboo intimacies with the members of the lower classes. The Danish government passed The Slum Clearance Act in 1939, demolished many slums including Borgergade, replacing it with modern buildings by the early 1950s. As the Industrial Revolution advanced, regulations were introduced to ensure cleanliness and access to basic sanitation, including the introduction of proper drainage systems and waste disposal facilities, like an ash pit or dustbin. M2VkODFhYTg1N2MwYjAzNzcxNTA1ZDE3MmEyYjEzNGE0ZjczMWU2MmQwNDlm Do any of the sources give us clues about the difficulties people might have had with travel or transport? Age range: 11-14. There was a clear sexual element to the violence, as the descriptions of bestiality and harlotry suggest. available from Project Gutenberg. a study of an aspect of history or a site dating from a period beyond 1066 that is significant in the locality NmVlOGE4MDhhYTAzNGVhNGM2MTg5MGE1YWMyYTJmY2E1ZjcxZWJjYzMwNWE3 [Introduction to the Victorians: ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/victorians-12058468) (FREE): A full lesson for KS2 introducing the Victorian period, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. Ross, Ellen. Five facts about London's Victorian slums. [Victorian Railways](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/victorian-railways-lesson-for-ks2-12059539) A full lesson for KS2 about the introduction of the railways, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. Explain your answer, Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence The houses were cheap, most had between two and four rooms - one or two rooms downstairs, and one or two rooms upstairs, but Victorian families were big with perhaps four or five children. [Industrial Revolution ](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/industrial-revolution-lesson-for-ks2-12058379) A full lesson for KS2 exploring the impact of the Industrial Revolution, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. Please note that Kidadl is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon. The shift from agricultural to industrial labour saw people move to urban areas where cheap housing, designed to be fairly short-term, was built on land under short leases to accommodate them. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2001. Some of them helped prepare the subsequent slum reform and clearance legislations. YWQ2ZTdmZjU4OWRlNGZlNjQ1MTMzOGVlMjMzNDIxOGNmYmI1NzM0NWY1YmQx London: A Social History. [Victorian Inventions](http://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/which-famous-inventions-came-from-the-victorians-lesson-for-ks2-12058044): A full lesson for KS2 about famous Victorian inventions, including a detailed lesson plan, Powerpoint and pupil resource sheets. H. J. Dyos, and M. Wolff, 1:359-86. Something went wrong, please try again later. Out of a great number of publications that dealt with London slums, mention should be made of Hector Gavin's Sanitary Ramblings: Being Sketches and Illustrations of Bethnal Green (1848), Henry Mayhew's London Labour and London Poor (1851), John Garwood's The Million-People City (1853), John Hollinghead's Ragged London (1861), J. Ewing Ritchie's The Night Side of London (1861), James Greenwood's The Seven Curses of London (1869) and The Wilds of London (1874), Adolphe Smith's Street Life in London (1877), Andrew Mearns' The Bitter Cry of Outcast London (1883), George Sims' How the Poor Live (1883), Henry King's Savage London (1888), Walter Besant's East London (1899), Charles Booth's monumental report, Life and Labour of the People in London (17 volumes, 18891903), and B. S. Rowntrees Poverty: A Study of Town Life (1901). Arthur Morrison described the Brick Lane slums and its environs in The Palace Journal as places of darkness where human vermin lived: Black and noisome, the road sticky with slime, and palsied houses, rotten from chimney to cellar, leaning together, apparently by the mere coherence of their ingrained corruption.

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