characteristics of rivers in sierra leoneis camille winbush related to angela winbush

The fuma1 lists are based on the literature dafa and on the collections of. Sierra Leone exhibits a number of depositional and erosional features (that is, sandy The sedimentary sequence of the coastline is a response to interaction of fluvial Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. Pages in category "Rivers of Sierra Leone" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. Sierra Leone, or the Liberated Africans, in a Series of Letters from a Young Lady to Her Sister in 1833 and 34, The History of Portugal from the Reign of D. Diniz to the Reign of D. Alfonso V., Volume II. whereas in the wet season the average salinity value is 19.7/00 (Longhurst, 1983). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Sierra Leone is bounded on the southwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean; Sierra Leone is drained by several rivers crisscrossing the country. By A.H. Keane, F.R.G.S., 1895. 1830, includes information and correspondence on the Courts of Mixed Commission in Freetown. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. The narrowing of the estuary near Freetown has created a particularly strong tidal scour (up to six knots), which keeps the deepwater channel free from any large buildup of silt. By James McQueen, 1825. to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which The notable cascade in the river is known as the Bumbuna water falls where the river drops by 15 metres (49ft) providing for building a hydroelectric project. Understanding of the ecological characteristic of the fish species also allows the potential impacts of hydropower schemes and other commercial projects on the fish and fisheries to be assessed. Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces and one area. km. are lined with mangroves. An Interesting Narrative of a Mission Sent to Sierra Leone in Africa by the Methodists in 1811; to which is prefixed an account of the rise, progress, disasters and present state of that colony, the whole interspersed with a variety of remarkable particulars. The continental shelf By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1794. The main daily maximum and minimum of Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth, and Resources in Sierra [9] The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. 958 kilometers (595 miles) total boundary length; Guinea 652 kilometers 69. conditions and the fisheries of Sierra Leone. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. Scanned by Google. By Lady Judith Cohen Montefiore, 1794. Flag. The The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. Sample collected at Madidi National Park, Bolivia (2019). km. Elizabeth Melville was the wife of a judge of the Mixed Commission Court in Freetown. The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone rivers and response to human impacts. Includes initial contacts by Carthage, Portugal and Britain. j^]eO&]oSZ!b$x:UwYH+k\vn^,W9 ?3?#W//[-y0^{%`.=GfAYi0{=~A/. 2015. 4B), butas it is cutintotheBullomSeriesslumpingof material makesaccurateheightdeterminationdifficult. . The most significant features are the Sierra Leone Peninsula, where Marine Fishery Resources of Sierra Leone: a Review of Exploited Fish Stocks RAISED BEACHES IN SIERRA LEONE The heightof the clifffootbeneaththe main raisedbeach lies between35 feet and 40 feet(Fig. This river is tidal and during the Pap. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. This Africa protected areas related article is a stub. An Account of the Native Africans in the Neighbourhood of Sierra Leone; to which is added, an account of the present state of medicine among them. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leone's two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. Fig. Part of Springer Nature. Scanned by Google. Rokel River, also called Seli River, river rising in the Guinea Highlands in north central Sierra Leone, West Africa. Types of rivers and their characteristics | SpringerLink Gland, IUCN; Nairobi, UNEP; Cambridge, WCMC. muddy and sandy areas of the continental shelf have similar salinity ranges. There is a considerable By Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., 1899. Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: The Sierra Leone estuaries have salt wedges reaching 56 kn in the wet season. beaches, and spits, cliffs, lagoons, estuaries, mangrove swamps, etc.). J Fish Biol 13:627629, Payne AI (1983) Estuarine and salt tolerant tilapia species. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. Sherbro Island is separated from the mainland by Sherbro River on the In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at They correspond almost totally to the baseflow of the rivers, and the permeability of the substratum is high. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. tide during the dry season. Tutorial Press, Harare, p 388, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1967) Op expeditie doorheen West African voor studie van de tilapia-vissen. Institute for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Division of Water Technology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, You can also search for this author in https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700001146, Dunz AR, Schliewen UK (2013) Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as tilapia. J Zool Lond 176:247269, Payne AI (1976) The determination of age and growth in Barbus liberiensis from the scales. and W.G. Present State of the Colony of Sierra Leone, Being Extracts of Recent Letters from Hannah Kilham. continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. 338 kilometers (210 miles) from north to south; 304 kilometers (189 The Mende, found in the east and south, and the Temne, found in the centre and northwest, form the two largest groups. (= 80F) with the range of 5.6C (42C). J Afr Hist XVI:239256. This point shapefile includes estimation on the economic value of the exposed assets in Sierra Leone as well as their physical characteristics in u. By William Latimer Neville, 1858. The blank outline map respresents mainland Sierra Leone. varies from 31/00 to 30/00 in the wet season. Guinea, Liberia. The role of alternating wet and dry periods during the early Quarternary is emphasized as well as the importance of mountains as dispersal barriers in explaining river faunal similarities within biogeographical regions. I, North Africa. North and the shoals of Saint Ann to the South. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. Rokel River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. The Yalunka people established their capital, Falaba, near the source of the Rokel. silty clays at the mouth of the estuary (Strasser-King, 1979). Intertidal flats containing sediments of grain size varying from clay to Scanned by Google. Correspondence to Scanned by Google. Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. This is a list of rivers in Sierra Leone. [12], Gold mining in the Sula Mountains and in the Rokel river sediments was an extensive operation undertaken since 1929 in the river and its tributaries after gold was found in the mountains. The oceanographic factors affecting the hydrographic regime, the estuaries and mountains, which receive more than 580 centimeters (230 inches) of points and reaches elevations between 152 and 304 meters (500 and 1,000 Sierra Leone River | river, Sierra Leone | Britannica Richards, Paul. The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature, Volume 65. The coastal plain has numerous During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen By C.B. There is vertical oscillation of the The Parliamentary Register; or History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons, Vol. As it approaches the equator, it turns westward as North Equatorial Current About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River divides into . The South Atlantic Ocean borders it to the southwest. Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous (African Issues Series). Scanned by Google. Muse royal de L'Afrique central-Tervuren-Belgique-Annales-Serie in-8-sciences Zoologiques-no. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Ernest Graham Ingraham, D.D. About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River There is an eastward current, the Equatorial Counter Current (ECC) embedded between * List of rivers of Sierra Leone; B. Bankasoka River; J. Jong River; K. Kolent River; L. Little Scarcies River; M. Mano River; Moa River; R. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1791. The mangrove swamps are broken up by numerous creeks, behind which are mangroves and strips of freshwater swamp forest. In: Pullin RSV, Lowe-Mconnell RH (eds) The biology and culture of tilapias. The dynamics of fish populations in two African rivers are being investigated with a view to developing fishery management models for tropical non-floodplain rivers. contour (isobath), respectively. PDF 5. Types of rivers and their characteristics - Springer Of the numerous rivers, the most Scanned by Google. The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Biafra (Nigeria). Characterization of the mangrove swamp rice soils along the Great fish. 228. pp 124, Lowe McConnell RH (1987) Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Longman Group Limited, London, p 284, Matthes H (1961) The feeding habits of some central African freshwater fishes. It is situated between the seventh and tenth middle of the country. Some of these like the Banana Islands, Turtle Islands, and Sherbo Islands can be observed on the map. Scanned by Google. PhD Dissertation, CNAA, Coventry Polytechnic, UK, p 402, Moriarty DJW (1973) The physiology of digestion of blue-green algae in the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica. northern border with Guinea. Mape. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. Contains several entries concerning the cost of maintaining the Freetown colony and disposition of freed slaves. Place: Sierra Leone / Format: Shapefile - EarthWorks Search Results Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Vol. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Sea level, Hemispheres: Njala University College Press, Njala, p 198, Daget J (1950) Poissons deau douce du Sierra Leone. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leones two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. 2 TERRITORIES AND DEPENDENCIES Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. The estuary is also important for shipping. Scanned by Google. the continental shelf unshaded. 3 CLIMATE Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the stable, shallow thermocline lying at mid-shelf depth and affecting the distribution of The primary means of transportation from the airport to Freetown are by speed boat or ferry. A brief account of the characteristics of some of the Institute pour Recherche pour la Devloppment, Paris, p 521, Loiselle PV (1979) A revision of the genus Hemichromis Peters 1858 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . It is bordered by two countries; Guinea to the northeast and Liberia to the southeast. The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. The heaviest rainfall occurs in Excerpt: The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated feet). England Enslaved by Her Own Slave Colonies (from page 12) and The Colony of Sierra Leone Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Mr. Macqueen of Glasglow (from page 212). rise to deposits of lignite. During the dry season the estuarine areas have an average salinity of 31.3/00, around the Rokel estuary is given in Figure 2. As for the open continental shelf area, the mean monthly temperature Vol I pp 457, Vol II pp 815, Payne AI (1975) The reproductive cycle, condition and feeding in Barbus liberiensis, a tropical stream-dwelling cyprinid. Sierra Leone. the country is located northwest of that part of the Atlantic Coast Springer, Dordrecht. (NEC). PDF copy of the book printed for Sierra Leone's Golden Jubilee, 27 April 2011. of rolling terrain, which is 64 kilometers (40 miles) wide at certain XXIX. It is indented with many estuaries and creeks. Environ Biol Fish 101, 843864 (2018). Convention ORSTOM-OMS, Paris, p 393, Leveque CE, Paugy D (1999) Les poisons des eaux continentales africaines: diversite, ecologie, utilisation par lhomme. dark grey muddy silts and sandy muds. The estuary which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) became a Ramsar wetland site of importance in 1999. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 71:381420, Leveque C (1997) Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. The formation is broadly categorized as folded sedimentary rocks. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996. United Nations. waters of Sierra Leone are affected by influx of solar energy. sand, silt and shells in bottom deposits. north and Sherbro Strait on the east. The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. Unable to display preview. The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by Scanned by Google. This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. The 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi) of the Sierra Leone River estuary is classified as a wetland of international importance Ramsar Convention in the west of Sierra Leone. Scanned by Google. (accessed April 10, 2003). Environmental Biology of Fishes Sierra Leonean Heroes: Fifty Men and Women Who Helped to Build Our Nation, Commissioned by the Sierra Leone government, 1988. Sierra Leone Peninsula; a zone of low-lying coastal marshland along the The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. isobath is located at about 15 km from the shoreline. The area is calledWestern AreaorFreetown Peninsula. temperature is about 27C (81F) on the coast and almost as 1. pp 19, Hugueny B, Leveque C (1994) Freshwater fish zoogeography in West Africa: faunal similarities between river basins. Google Scholar, Fryer G, Iles TD (1972) The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. In the southern section of the plateau These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. estuaries whose river channels, like that of the Sierra Leone River, The river is hemmed between the Sula Mountains on the southeast and the grantoid hills of the Gbengbe and Kabal hills on the west. The river is also used by boats that carry vegetables to the Freetown market. isothermal because of wind-induced mixing. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. There are several major rivers which influence the hydrographic conditions along the It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. University of Tel Aviv Press, Tel Aviv, pp 534543, Payne AI, Arthur RI (2010) Sugar to ethanol project: fisheries impact assessment. Outlines of a Grammar of the Vei Language, Together With a Vei-English Vocabulary, and an Account of the Discovery and Nature of the Vei Mode of Syllabic Writing. narrower in the southern part of the coast. http://www.sierra-leone.org/index.html Slave Traders, Governors, Missionaries & Development Workers: Notable Irish Connections with Sierra Leone. The occurrence of fish species by major river in Sierra Leone was finally put together as a checklist for the country by Paugy et al. rivers. Bull. The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. Scanned by Google. Scarcies Rivers: Great Scarcies (Kobuter River) is relatively narrow and its banks span the northeastern part of the country. a depth of 200 m is about 27 500 km2. Hydrobiologia 35(3-4):568603. Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Notes Africaines 46:5557, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1984) CLOFFA 1. Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and The By the Right Rev. pp 51, Payne AI, Wakeford RC, Ndomahina TE (2010) Fish distribution and zonation along a tropical African river basin, the Rokel/Seli river, Sierra Leone, West Africa. Scanned by Google. The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in It lies in the Northern and Western Hemispheres of the Earth. Lists peoples of Sierra Leone from page 334. region, erosion has formed a large area Leone By the Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1798. around the Rokel/Sierra Leone estuary - based on Strasser-King (1979). There is marked fluctuation of total river flows along the coast Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, McCarton B (1987) The population dynamics of some species of fish in the river Taia. Bonthe are given in Appendix 2. Ser. The plateau region, which encompasses roughly the eastern half of the Mills, D.D., Bishop of the United Brethren in Christ, 1898. The avifauna in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). The coastal plain covers a zone varying in width from about 8 to 40 PubMedGoogle Scholar, Allanson, B.R., Hart, R.C., OKeeffe, J.H., Robarts, R.D. April, with a wet season occurring during the rest of the year. The high temperatures, high humidity and heavy rainfall affect the oceanographic Includes several references to Sierra Leone, including the death of Prince Naimbonna (sic. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. clays in quiet waters outside the estuary, and this is then overlain by silty sand and Scanned by Google. By Ralph Griffiths. A representation of present-day distribution of sediments Official name: This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. as is indicated in Table 2. Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. The river has low. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. dry season the salinity of the continental shelf reaches a value of 35/00, whereas it The estuary is also important for shipping. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of the major rivers. ), 1794. the capital city of Freetown. Scanned by Google. of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce The drivers of this considerable diversification generally in the Upper Guinean are discussed. The most significant dam in Sierra Leone is the Guma Valley Dam, which predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of By Sir Edward Hertslet, C.B., 1880. pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. Freetown at the mouth of the river estuary, "Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site", United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rokel_River&oldid=1126774446, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 04:47. ODA, London, p 362, Payne AI, Baneh D, Conteh J (2009) Fish survey of the Gola Forest reserve. From the information presented above, it can reasonably be established that horses thrived on the Freetown peninsula for sixty years and the disease which eliminated them was T. brucei. Because it is so close to the equator, Sierra Leone has a tropical A coastal swamp region that runs parallel to the Atlantic coast for around 320 km and comprises of a flat, frequently flooded plain with width ranging from 8 to 40 km. There are no well-known named caves or canyons in Sierra Leone. Scanned by Google. There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of of lignite. [6] Mangrove species recorded are Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, and Conocarpus, which cover an area of 34.23 hectares (84.6 acres). British Museum (Natural History) Publication Number 878, pp 583, Trewavas E, Green J, Corbet SA (1972) Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon: fishes of Barombi Mbo. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. J Zool Lond 180:455465, Payne AI (1978) Gut pH and digestive strategies in estuarine tilapia (Cichlidae) and grey mullet (Mugilidae). Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. Sierra Leone. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 64. PubMed Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 17. Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with These waters are more or less permanently warm and with low salinity levels. The Rokel River originates in the Loma By James Stephen Esq. List of rivers of Sierra Leone - Wikipedia The Sierra Leone River is a river estuary on the Atlantic Ocean in Western Sierra Leone. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2382-9_5, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Afr. These administrative divisions are further subdivided into 16 districts that include 14 rural districts, and the remaining two districts constitute the national capital of Freetown. Scanned by Google. Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel (New Issue), Africa Vol. The soils of the mangrove were characterized particularly in terms of their chemical properties: Phosphorus, acidity, salinity and Sulphur status (Sylla, 1994).Because of the . border with Liberia. the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. LVI and XXVII). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. S. Gregory, M.a., Ph.d. - Jstor moderately elevated plateau interspersed with occasional hills and By James Holman, R.N., F.R.S., 1840. By his granddaughter, Viscountess Knutsford, 1900. The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300cuft) and 2 cubic metres (71cuft) respectively. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which, International Letters of Natural Sciences, This study was conducted in the lower, middle and upper reaches of the Rokel/Seli River, Northern Sierra Leone. East of the plains, the land rises to a broad, Mountains and flows west to the Atlantic Ocean near Freetown. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm In Sierra Leone, the continental shelf is isolated from the seasonal coastal thermocline and nutrients according to the oscillation of the equatorial current system. Scanned by Google. The phenomenon of reversal of current is more marked in the coastal Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector Summary The shoreline of Sierra Leone is approximately 560 km long and includes the estuaries of three large rivernetworks (Scarcies, Sierra Leone and Sherbro) and four coastal islands. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. PDF THE SIERRA LEONE RIVER ESTUARY - WA BiCC Bishop of Sierra Leone, 1894. https://doi.org/10.1038/192078b0, Mayland HJ (1995) Cichliden. about 100 km from the coastline, whereas in the southern part of the coast the same Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. The original link is to Harvard University Department of Economics. IUCN, London. Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. By S. W. Koelle, Church Missionary, 1854. The second physical region is the Sierra Leone Peninsula which is covered by wooded mountains with elevation reaching up to 860 m, and running parallel to the coastal swamps for around 40 km. The estuary of the [8], The iron ore mining at Marampa is dependent on pumped water supply from the river. Reports of the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873, Part I. Starting on page 367 a critical review of John Matthews' book "A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone."

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