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But, to get a very good yield which results in maximum returns, the sowing should be done by the end of February. Two dairy cows can feed on the Napier grass cultivated in an acre of land in a year. Peanut Res. But in the present time, things are changed. It is suitable for cultivation throughout the year. The soft stem of the Napier grass makes it very simple for cutting. 2011. Irrigated yield increases demonstrate the yield and economic importance of irrigation in coastal region of Georgia. The shoot become hard and flowers prematurely. It was easy for desi cows to produce 20 to 25 liters of milk daily without any hesitation. 2013 focused on crop establishment cost and whole farm production costs of five perennial energy cane varieties produced under differing crop cycle lengths [4]. Now mix 1 topsoil : 2 farmyard manure and place it in the pits. Let's start with how to identify hf cows. However, all plots were harvested minimum yield impact. While at KVK, Guntur it is . Super Napier Grass Farming | Fodder Grass Cultivation - YouTube The infected plants typically have small yellow leaves and short internodes. Number of Stems required to grow super napier crop is 10, 000 to 12,000 stems for an acre. The two irrigation levels were included in the study to better understand napier grass yield, quality, and economic response to irrigation rate. These breakeven prices reflect the competiveness of napier grass grown as a perennial crop compared to individual annual crops commonly grown in rotation sequences together. Unlike Berseem fodder, Super Napier grass grows by cutting nodes. The distance between the pits should be at least 90 centimetres. Edited by LE Moser, BL Burson, and LE Sollenberger. The pits length can change and it is completely dependent on the land which is available. Yearly variations in rainfall between crops were attributable to planting and harvest date differences. It has high 400 to 450 leaves/pitch.It has high 400 to 450 leaves/pitch. Such people easily become ready to start their own hydroponic farming business at the commercial level. It can affect the growth of the plant and create rottenness in your plants. Google Scholar, Alvarez, J. and Z.R. To address this further, recent historical prices for peanut, cotton, and corn were used to determine the number of years in which napier grass would economically compete against each crop within the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system. Next subsequent harvesting is done on the gap of 45 to 50 days each. However, depending on prices for traditional crops and bioenergy feedstocks, napier grass could offer economic opportunities in non-irrigated production systems (depending on crop mix), riparian buffer zones, and non-cropped areas. However, the grass yield at the cutting intervals of 30, 45, 60 and 90 days was 16.88, 37.50, 62.50 and 81.25 tons dry weight/hectare/year, respectively. Disease mainly spreads through wind and plant materials. It is also important to understand the returns relative to traditional crops and cropping systems for varying crop prices. The 336kgha1N rate was higher than the 84kgha1N rate in the 100% irrigation level (Table 4). In other words 200 tons per acre, which can feed to 20 dairy cows, 30 - 35 goats for 12 months. BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERS. Cropping systems in the coastal plain of Georgia primarily consist of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). Corn varieties differed each year due to availability and consisted on P33M53RR2 (2011), P1814HR (2012), P1456HR (2013), and P1636YHR (2014 and 2015) (Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IA). High leaf stem rate ; Durers (25 - 30 punches) and tilted. But Gir cow is among those high milk-producing cows that can compete with HF and Jersey in some sense. It produces about 45 tonnes per hectare in a year and the harvesting can be done at least four times a year. 50 kg P and 50 kg K per hectare using urea (46% N), triple superphosphate, TSP (20% P) and muriate . The 100% irrigation level provided a 29% increase in yield over the non-irrigated treatment (8238kgha1) and 27% yield increase resulted for the 50% irrigation rate compared to the non-irrigated (5957kgha1). A weighted system is used to average soil water potential over the 3 depths where the shallowest sensor carries 43% of the average compared to 32% at 0.4m and 25% at 0.6m. An average soil water potential of 50kPa will trigger irrigation [14, 15]. This activity is very dangerous. A randomized block design was used to compare sprinkler irrigation with a non-irrigated control during the 20112015 crop years with three replications, and each crop was produced in each crop year within the rotation sequences. Cinc. Cenchrus purpureus, synonym Pennisetum purpureum, also known as Napier grass, elephant grass or Uganda grass, is a species of perennial tropical grass native to the African grasslands. EDIS document SC089, Anderson WF, Dien BS, Brandon SK, Peterson JD (2008) Assessment of bermudagrass and bunch grasses as feedstocks for conversion to ethanol. First harvest can be done within 75 to 80 days from the day of planting. Brachiaria: The 'wonder grass' that could transform African dairy The main effect of year was also significant (P<0.001). HF cow milk production is very high in comparison of desi Indian cows. PDF Yield and Nutritive Quality of Nine Napier Grass Varieties in Malaysia Weeding can be done just before 20 days of your next crops. Part of Springer Nature. The disease need more attention since there is risk of spreading to other African countries. WASTE DECOMPOSER! Concerns related to reducing productive cropland for the production of biofuels are warranted and will continue into the future. It has high crisp leaves. Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mrtensson, Ana Barreiro, Erik Steen Jensen, Sichao Wang, Gregg R. Sanford, Kurt D. Thelen, Sunil Kumar, T. Kiran Kumar, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Flabiele S. da Silva, Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Aikaterini Karyoti, Kyriakos D. Giannoulis, Nicholaos G. Danalatos, Mousumi Mondal, Sourav Garai, Rajib Kundu, Ernst H. Smit, Johann A. Strauss & Pieter A. Swanepoel, BioEnergy Research A 220-g subsample was obtained and lint separated using a table top gin to obtain final lint yield. In particular, the yield is not reduced when the crops are cultivated on the beach sand. Napier grass possesses many desirable characteristics, including high yield per unit area, tolerance to intermittent drought and high water use efficiency , making it a forage of choice. https://doi.org/10.2134/ctfm2014.0061, Davidson, J.I., Jr, M.C. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. It is also called Uganda grass or elephant grass. These '^' shapes will help plants to get all the ingredients particularly without disturbing another one. High Yield: 25 tons per acre and 8 harvests per year. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. Keywords: Napier grass, varieties, nutritive quality, yield Introduction Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) occurs naturally throughout tropical Africa and particularly in East Africa. You need to only feed up to 60 to 70 kilograms of the Napier grass which is fresh to a cow in a day. Interest and focus on development of renewable biofuels has been increasing over the past decade leading to the introduction of a wide cadre of renewable feedstocks. Merkeron was released by the University of Georgia in 1989 with improved yield potential and disease resistance and selected for this research because of the yield potential shown across irrigated and non-irrigated production regimes [9]. Napier Grass Cultivation: Guide On Farming Of Napier Grass Now, the plantation has to be done along the contour line in order to control soil erosion. To give 60 kg of nitrogen (130 kg urea), 20 kg of phosphate (125 kg super of phosphate) and 16 kg of ash (27 kg of potassium). The use of alternative biomass sources that are not competitive with food production is intended for sustainable management in biogas production through anaerobic digestion. After 25 to 30 days, weeding of spontaneous plants is necessary, otherwise, they can stop the growth of your crop. It is better to get at least a practical idea to start a hydroponic farming business. How many times do people talk about desi cows for the dairy farming business? BioEnergy Res 5:206214, Article Analysis of variance showed that irrigation level had a significant effect on partial net returns (P=0.0498). In the Dairy farming business, super Napier grass is a major factor in the success of the business. Economic Competitiveness of Napier Grass in Irrigated and Non-irrigated Georgia Coastal Plain Cropping Systems. Applications of expert systems in peanut production. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Navel - Sahiwal cow navel is 3-4 inches in size. In the sowing process, every cutting pinch deep inside the soil and just the upper part of the cutting opens towards the sky. In one year, 6 to 8 crops of Super Napier grass can be harvest. Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cropping systems study conducted at the USDA/ARS Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, GA (84 36 W, 30 44 N) on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults). Principal purpose of chicken farm is to raise chickens for meat. You may use . Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Hence crop protection is not necessary. The leaves which are young and tender seem very tasty when served as feed to livestock or cattle. As long as there is continuous chemical use, decreases life expectancy and decreases yield and protein levels. The results of the relative profitability of traditional cropping systems in irrigated and non-irrigated production environments parallel a Southeastern cropping system study focused on net returns of individual crops in irrigated and non-irrigated cropping system. In the 50% irrigation level, the prices for peanuts, cotton, and corn would be $390.53Mg1, $1.41kg1, and $191.56Mg1, respectively. After the sowing process gets completed, the first irrigation does just by showering water on the soil. Using iron plought, two to five feet deep or about 15 to 30 cm ploughing should be done deeply. All the growth stimulants that provide natural methods of pest and natural nutrients should be through the leaf for 15 days before harvest. BioEnergy Res 6(2):110, Mark TB, Salassi ME, Deliberto MA (2009) Developing a cellulosic ethanol industry in Louisiana. Super Napier grass which is scientifically a cross of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). The USDA-ARS WholeFarm planning system was utilized to calculate net returns and breakeven yields and prices. Napier grass cannot survive in the lands which are waterlogged and prone to floods. For this analysis, production costs per ton and breakeven prices will be provided based on both variable and total costs of production. However, since napier grass is a perennial with multi-year production cycle, the breakeven prices for napier grass must be also calculated relative to the peanut, cotton, corn rotation system and not just against each crop individually. The five (20112015) and ten (20062015) year average prices were: peanuts ($545.71 and $498.32Mg1), cotton ($1.70kg1 and $1.55kg1), and corn ($223.93Mg1 and $198.73Mg1) [11]. . The middle row of each plot was harvested to obtain plot yield and samples for post-harvest quality evaluation starting in 2011. 80 to 100 Quintals from every batch; 400 to 700 quintals per year. The GA-06G peanut cultivar was used in all crop years at a seeding rate of 19 seed m1 [12]. It is a myth that most green plants can't grow or survive in desert regions but it is not applied on Napier grass to a limit. The remaining 50 percent of the nitrogen should be applied on the 30th day of planting. In warm-season (C4) grasses. Agric Water Manag 96:10781084, Mooney DF, Roberts RK, English BC, Tyler DD, Larson JA (2009) Yield and breakeven price of Alamo switchgrass for biofuels in Tennessee. In cotton the required breakeven price was not reached during the 5-year period and was reached only two times during the 10-year price period. United States is the number one country which holds the maximum number of poultry farms globally. Look for stems that have at least three nodes, which are small bumps that will eventually grow into new leaves. Corn was planted at 6.5 seeds m1. For non-irrigated corn, the required breakeven price was reached every year over both time periods (Table 6). Napier grass farming method promises higher milk yield The first harvesting of Super Napier grass does after 60 to 70 days. Napier plant grass can also undergo intercropping with the crops like fodder trees, legumes etc. Napier grass showed positive yield responses to irrigation and nitrogen. On a dry matter basis, breakeven napier grass prices at variable cost ranged from $65 to $69Mg1 depending on irrigation regime and fertility treatments and breakeven prices at total cost ranged from $84 to $91Mg1. Each and every seedling has to be separated from the clump. Educ. 2014. Holstein Friesian is the full name of HF cow. In current reports, chicken is 22% part of total meat globally. Breakeven yields (defined as cost per acre divided by price) represent the minimum required yield to production cost at the assumed commodity price. Energy cane, high-fiber sugarcane, has been identified as a potential warm-season alternative for bioenergy production in the Southeast because of higher yield potential and similar production practices and equipment requirements for production, harvesting, and transportation used in sugarcane production [3, 4]. Agriculture Reviewaims to guide farmers and gardeners to excel in their work. Full-size bell and ash, as well as 50 percent of nitrogen, should be applied as base manual. 2009 demonstrated the importance of yield on breakeven prices for switchgrass produced on four differing soil types in Tennessee with breakeven prices ranging from $46Mg1 (17.7Mgha1 yield) to $69Mg1 (8.5Mgha1 yield) concluding that breakeven prices were influenced by yield, N price, and fuel prices [19]. As a result, numerous perennial warm-season grasses have been introduced and management practices evaluated to determine their suitability as biofuel feedstocks. cut them just a few inches over the ground level. 2016. Organic compost is basic fertilizer that can use with almost every kind of cultivation. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. Nitrogen was side-dressed in a single application at 82kgNha1 and other fertilizers were applied based on soil sample recommendations. The distance between the rows of the pits should be 60 centimetres. These costs were removed to accurately depict the actual cost. The average Sahiwal cow weight is 450 kg. Read More BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERSContinue, Read More Soybean Crop and CultivationContinue, Read More How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli?Continue, Read More Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss OutContinue, Read More Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming SystemContinue, Read More Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To HarvestingContinue, Your email address will not be published. Super Napier grows well in all types of water. . The main reason is the significant cost of N at the application rates used in this study. Irrigated variable costs were $1522, $1477, and $1237 with fixed cost of $489, $316, and $492ha1, respectively. Don't cut the fully grown plants directly on the level of the surface at the time of harvesting. Nitrogen (28-0-0-5) was side-dressed twice for a yearly total of 235kgNha1 and potassium, phosphorous, and minor elements were applied based on recommended rates from soil analysis. The napier grass breakeven prices ($ Mg1) were obtained by dividing the cost per hectare (including land rent) by the dry matter yield. The amount of protein is reduced.when cultivated in sand. Loosen the soil by watering and plant.After watering, put the stem in the bars at 60 cm intervals. Irrigation should be done once in 8 to 10 days depending on the soil and availability of rain. Every cutting must fix at a 45 to 55-degree angle. No yield differences resulted at the 100% irrigation level between 84 and 168kgha1N rate or comparing the 168 and 336kgha1N rates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 145:1321, Article The price required for napier grass to compete with the peanut, cotton, corn production system ranged from $99 to $121Mg1 with total costs included mainly dependent on irrigation rate. volume11,pages 574582 (2018)Cite this article. Growing up to a high height (400 - 500 cm). The economic competitiveness of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) compared to traditional cropping systems has not been addressed. In India, Napier grass seeds per kg are about Rs . Now, use soil in order to cover the roots. Statistics Serv., Washington, DC, Branch WD (2007) Registration of Georgia-06G peanut. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. Sita: Brachiaria grass is a tropical forage that is native to Africa. PDF Cultivation and utilization of Napier grass - KALRO Cost for irrigation was based the actual irrigation applied each year at $50.2 per hectare-cm. Although Napier grass grows for the whole year, all seasons but they get affected by rapid change of seasons. The yield of Napier Pakchong 1 grass | Download Scientific Diagram The model is designed to avoid crop stress while triggering irrigation at the most efficient timing and volume to avoid over-irrigation. 2005. The longest leaf length. (PDF) NAPIER GRASS FEED RESOURCE: PRODUCTION - ResearchGate - 91.234.33.200. Don' use chemicals to kill spontaneous plants, you can separate them on 30 days gap. Let's understand the Sahiwal cow and her performance in the dairy farming business. Gir cow identity Head and body structure Gir cow head is quite different from other desi cow breeds. At the top end of the range, napier grasses have been shown to yield up to 80 dry tonnes per hectare per year, . During Napier grass cultivation, organic composting is very helpful and saves your money to buy fertilizers from the market. The quality is good with high calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and very low oxalate content. Plantation of seedlings should be done in holes which are small or it can also be done in furrows. Though yield difference between the 100 and 50% irrigation levels was significant, added costs for applying irrigation were incurred. Combined the farm gate value of these crops totaled $1.5 billion in Georgia and are the dominant row crops produced in the coastal plain region of Georgia [11]. Fodder Production Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing. Gir cow's forehead is Bulging out. Per industry standards, final pod weight was obtained after grading by deducting foreign mature and adjusting to 7% moisture content for determining final yield. The breakeven napier grass price was estimated such that the net returns were equal between napier grass and peanut, cotton, corn cropping systems. 1. The USDA-ARS WholeFarm planning system was utilized to calculate net returns and breakeven yields and prices. Napier plant plays a major role in the production of biomass. Napier grass was produced in both non-irrigated and two irrigated levels with different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. A 4-row combine was used for harvest and a sample was obtained for grain moisture and test weight. Soc. Yield range is 380-400 tons/ha. In this research, all plots were planted in the same year (CY 2010) and the planting costs distributed across harvested years. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. Best management practices and in-season scouting were used for disease, weed, and insect control.

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