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[117] William's forces were forced to lift the siege, and the king returned to Rouen. William then sent forces into London to construct a castle; he was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. [96] Once in Normandy the new English king went to Rouen and the Abbey of Fecamp,[94] and then attended the consecration of new churches at two Norman monasteries. Clarke in the "Clarkes Genealogies" quotes from the The in Northumberland. In 1072 William invaded Scotland, defeating Malcolm, who had recently invaded the north of England. [96] By March, William was secure enough to return to Normandy, but he took with him Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar, and Waltheof. Mortemer thus marked another turning point in William's growing control of the duchy,[39] although his conflict with the French king and the Count of Anjou continued until 1060. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. [142], The impact on England of William's conquest was profound; changes in the Church, aristocracy, culture, and language of the country have persisted into modern times. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. Its effect, though, was to destabilise Brittany, forcing the duke, Conan II, to focus on internal problems rather than on expansion. William spent most of his time in England between the Battle of Hastings and 1072, and after that, he spent the majority of his time in Normandy. Anschatel Groy settled in Chillingham in Northumberland after accompanying William the Conqueror in 1066. [100] William's half-brother Odo perhaps expected to be appointed to Canterbury, but William probably did not wish to give that much power to a family member. that Edward and Thomas were to inherit. At an early period there were also Grays All the English counties south of the River Tees and River Ribble are included, and the whole work seems to have been mostly completed by 1 August 1086, when the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that William received the results and that all the chief magnates swore the Salisbury Oath, a renewal of their oaths of allegiance. [60], Count Herbert II of Maine died in 1062, and William, who had betrothed his eldest son Robert to Herbert's sister Margaret, claimed the county through his son. Edward The thigh bone currently in the tomb is assumed to be the one that was reburied in 1642, but the Victorian historian, Lewis "Breteuil, Roger de, earl of Hereford", Danish king had brought a large fleet to England, Norman conquest of England Consequences, "Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor) (1003x51066)", "William I (known as William the Conqueror)", "Breteuil, Roger de, earl of Hereford (fl. Although the army and fleet were ready by early August, adverse winds kept the ships in Normandy until late September. Although English and Norman forces remained on alert throughout 1085 and into 1086, the invasion threat was ended by Cnut's death in July 1086. An Angevin attack on Maine was defeated in late 1076 or 1077, with Count Fulk le Rechin wounded in the unsuccessful attack. John, Lord of Gray, whose son Anschetil de Another consequence of William's invasion was the sundering of the formerly close ties between England and Scandinavia. [20] The support given to the exiled English princes in their attempt to return to England in 1036 shows that the new duke's guardians were attempting to continue his father's policies,[2] but Archbishop Robert's death in March 1037 removed one of William's main supporters, and conditions in Normandy quickly descended into chaos. Earl Edwin was betrayed by his own men and killed, while William built a causeway to subdue the Isle of Ely, where Hereward the Wake and Morcar were hiding. [1][8][d] He was the only son of Robert I, son of Richard II. The listing for each county gives the holdings of each landholder, grouped by owners. [112] Roger was a Norman, son of William fitzOsbern, but had inherited less authority than his father held. Museum number . Before he became a monk, Simon handed his county of the Vexin over to King Philip. According to stories that may have legendary elements, an attempt was made to seize William at Valognes, but he escaped under cover of darkness, seeking refuge with King Henry. to Robert, Duke of Normandy. His daughter, Arlotta, is said to have been the mother of William the Conqueror. Robert also had a commission issued It is believed that John Gray of Stapleford Tawney descended from the The soldier See also the The early castles were simple earth and timber constructions, later replaced with stone structures. Sir Edward de Gray married daughter [2], While William was in Normandy, a former ally, Eustace, the Count of Boulogne, invaded at Dover but was repulsed. Columbia river in Washington state. [49] There are some written descriptions of a burly and robust appearance, with a guttural voice. [119] The king was at Gloucester for Christmas 1080 and at Winchester for Whitsun in 1081, ceremonially wearing his crown on both occasions. of Henry VIII. The name Gray is of local origin, or, it follows the name of a place [88], Harold's body was identified the day after the battle, either through his armour or marks on his body. The story of her pure and beautiful William I, byname William the Conqueror or William the Bastard or William of Normandy, French Guillaume le Conqurant or Guillaume le Btard or Guillaume de Normandie, (born c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy [France]died September 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England (as William I) from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages . In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. William's biographer David Bates argues that the former explanation is more likely, explaining that the balance of power had recently shifted in Wales and that William would have wished to take advantage of the changed circumstances to extend Norman power. Nevertheless, despite all the high-tech stuff, you can't beat good old text! Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. [122] In 1082 William ordered the arrest of his half-brother Odo. William I 'the Conqueror', King of England also went by the nick-name of William 'the Conqueror'.5 William I 'the Conqueror', King of England also went by the nick-name of William 'le Batard' (or in English, the Bastard).5 In 1035 on his father's death, William was recognised by his family as the heir - an exception to the general rule that . in Harrow-on-the-Hill church records there is a John Gray baptized February This altercation was one family of Stapleford were similar to the names in Edward Grays family. [113] Ralph's authority seems also to have been less than his predecessors in the earldom, and this was likely the cause of his involvement in the revolt. In the Department of Haute-Saone, there is now a town Edward, baptized April 15, 1623 (no further mention). The Bellme family, whose lands were quite strategically placed between their three different overlords, were able to play each of them against the other and secure virtual independence for themselves. After three weeks, the besieged forces sallied from the castle and managed to take the besiegers by surprise. Other sons were granted earldoms later: Gyrth as Earl of East Anglia in 1057 and Leofwine as Earl of Kent sometime between 1055 and 1057. He was of Viking extraction. it is Gray. William and Malcolm agreed to peace by signing the Treaty of Abernethy, and Malcolm probably gave up his son Duncan as a hostage for the peace. Six of the names in the John Gray and Maine. Norwich was besieged and surrendered, with the garrison allowed to go to Brittany. of King Edward, her son the young Prince Consort, and her son Lord Gray, [62] Godwin returned from exile in 1052 with armed forces, and a settlement was reached between the king and the earl, restoring the earl and his family to their lands and replacing Robert of Jumiges, a Norman whom Edward had named Archbishop of Canterbury, with Stigand, the Bishop of Winchester. [94] Both men were also named to earldoms fitzOsbern to Hereford (or Wessex) and Odo to Kent. Census records every ten years and an occasional mention in a The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. William's movements during 1084 and 1085 are unclear he was in Normandy at Easter 1084 but may have been in England before then to collect the danegeld assessed that year for the defence of England against an invasion by King Cnut IV of Denmark. He Was Illegitimate. There were farmers, fishermen and tradesmen. [112], The exact reason for the rebellion is unclear, but it was launched at the wedding of Ralph to a relative of Roger, held at Exning in Suffolk. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. Whatever Edward's wishes, it was likely that any claim by William would be opposed by Godwin, Earl of Wessex, a member of the most powerful family in England. Others have viewed him as an enemy of the English constitution, or alternatively as its creator. 863 related objects. According to the historian David Bates, this probably means that little of note happened, and that because William was on the continent, there was nothing for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to record. He was opposed to King William's power on the continent, thus the Battle of Cassel upset the balance of power in northern France as well as costing William an important supporter. [16][17][h] He enjoyed the support of his great-uncle, Archbishop Robert, as well as King Henry I of France, enabling him to succeed to his father's duchy. [48] The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters. xxxx xxxxxxx London, England. [54] The duke travelled constantly around the duchy, confirming charters and collecting revenues. Thomas died in Plymouth June 7, 1654. [109] Ralph was at least part Breton and had spent most of his life prior to 1066 in Brittany, where he still had lands. [109] William's ability to leave England for an entire year was a sign that he felt that his control of the kingdom was secure. [2] Even after the younger William's death in 1100 and the succession of his youngest brother Henry as king, Normandy and England remained contested between the brothers until Robert's capture by Henry at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Joan, buried A papal embassy arrived in England during this period, asking that William do fealty for England to the papacy, a request that he rejected. The Conquest brought the kingdom into closer contact with France and forged ties between France and England that lasted throughout the Middle Ages. [92], William may have hoped the English would surrender following his victory, but they did not. By far the most disturbing fact . Medieval writers criticised William for his greed and cruelty, but his personal piety was universally praised by contemporaries. Hereward's forces attacked Peterborough Abbey, which they captured and looted. It seems that a British soldier land company which eventually formed Tiverton and Little Compton, RI. It Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. Harold, perhaps to secure the support of Edwin and Morcar in his bid for the throne, supported the rebels and persuaded King Edward to replace Tostig with Morcar. William, son of Ellery, who were obscure, possibly intentionally leaving His son, Sir Andrew Gray, joined February 12, 1621. Original: Mar 26, 2013. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had. was a son of Gray in Chillingham, Northumberland, England, who came to [49] Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. [25], King Henry continued to support the young duke,[26] but in late 1046 opponents of William came together in a rebellion centred in lower Normandy, led by Guy of Burgundy with support from Nigel, Viscount of the Cotentin, and Ranulf, Viscount of the Bessin. England was divided into shires or counties, which were further divided into either hundreds or wapentakes. [100] The historian David Bates sees this coronation as the ceremonial papal "seal of approval" for William's conquest. He overthrew the last Anglo-Saxon king, Harold II, to seize the throne, earning the title William the Conqueror. Sam is supposed to be buried at the old Granery Burying Ground near Guillaume "Le Btard", or William the Conqueror, transformed the Middle Ages and laid the foundations of a new Europe. Learn about the history of this surname and heraldry from our database and online image library. They succeeded in capturing an Angevin fortress but accomplished little else. man shot, but the first to die at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. and the brawl that developed ended in a draw. [2], Norman government under William was similar to the government that had existed under earlier dukes. Her rule was contested by Robert, Baldwin's brother. [83] Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings. Rebecca, baptized 1615, married Thomas Perry May 28, 1650. According to the Norman writer William of Jumiges, William had meanwhile sent an embassy to King Harold Godwinson to remind Harold of his oath to support William's claim, although whether this embassy actually occurred is unclear. A Norman chief, whose name was English coins were generally of high silver content, with high artistic standards, and were required to be re-minted every three years. [2], Throughout the summer, William assembled an army and an invasion fleet in Normandy. Mrs Thomas Houghton (Born 1551) 5775 People 13 Records 25 Sources. repeated in mixed company." [97], In 1068 Edwin and Morcar revolted, supported by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. [35] William was engaged in military actions against his own nobles throughout 1053,[36] as well as with the new Archbishop of Rouen, Mauger. They included the duke's uncle Robert, the archbishop of Rouen, who had originally opposed the duke; Osbern, a nephew of Gunnor the wife of Richard I; and Gilbert of Brionne, a grandson of Richard I. He crossed back and forth between the continent and England at least 19 times between 1067 and his death. in time of war and helped build it in peacetime. William Gray (1750-1826) What families came over with William the Conqueror? Sam 10711087)", "Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)", "Les femmes dans l'histoire du duch de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_the_Conqueror&oldid=1152709080, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 21:01. Following his arrival back on the continent he married his daughter Constance to Duke Alan of Brittany, in furtherance of his policy of seeking allies against the French kings. Edgar, having lost much of his support, fled to Scotland,[98] where King Malcolm III was married to Edgar's sister Margaret. [119] William departed Normandy in July 1080,[120] and in the autumn his son Robert was sent on a campaign against the Scots. Included among them were Robert of Belleme, William de Breteuil, and Roger, the son of Richard fitzGilbert. The Whitsun council saw the appointment of Lanfranc as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas of Bayeux as the new Archbishop of York, to replace Ealdred, who had died in September 1069. [q] Another reason for the appointment may have been pressure from the papacy to appoint Lanfranc. In 1058, William invaded the County of Dreux and took Tillires-sur-Avre and Thimert. The Grays in Ireland, usually This was an advantage for William, as it was the only universal tax collected by western European rulers during this period. According to a late source not generally considered to be reliable, papal sanction was not secured until 1059, but as papal-Norman relations in the 1050s were generally good, and Norman clergy were able to visit Rome in 1050 without incident, it was probably secured earlier. William was the son of the Norman Duke Robert the Magnificent and the unnamed daughter of a tanner. found in. The lack of Norman response appears to have caused the Northumbrians to grow restive, and in the spring of 1080 they rebelled against the rule of Walcher, the Bishop of Durham and Earl of Northumbria. Pardon was a grandson of Edward of Tiverton add very active in town government The English dead, who included some of Harold's brothers and his housecarls, were left on the battlefield. Interaction between father and son, nevertheless, remained problematic right up until William's passing. In modern times they have contributed poets, statesmen [123], Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine, probably in 1084. Other bequests included gifts to the Church and money to be distributed to the poor. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. described as Scotch-Irish, are doubtless the descendants of that branch [66], In England, Earl Godwin died in 1053 and his sons were increasing in power: Harold succeeded to his father's earldom, and another son, Tostig, became Earl of Northumbria. [97] FitzOsbern and Odo found it difficult to control the native population and undertook a programme of castle building to maintain their hold on the kingdom. His marriage to Matilda appears to have been quite affectionate, and there are no signs that he was unfaithful to her unusual in a medieval monarch. (born 860 A.D.). The exact events preceding the battle are obscure, with contradictory accounts in the sources, but all agree that William led his army from his castle and advanced towards the enemy. of Hastings, and was recorded in the Domesday Book (a record complied by A.P. Stigand submitted to William there, and when the duke moved on to Berkhamsted soon afterwards, Edgar the theling, Morcar, Edwin, and Ealdred also submitted. [110] However, Edgar was forced to submit to William shortly thereafter, and he returned to William's court. [f] One of Herleva's brothers, Walter, became a supporter and protector of William during his minority. Prescott Sheldon Bush (1895-1972), US Senator. [69][l], In 1065 Northumbria revolted against Tostig, and the rebels chose Morcar, the younger brother of Edwin, Earl of Mercia, as earl in place of Tostig. Robert was accused by some writers of killing Richard, a plausible but now unprovable charge. The funeral, attended by the bishops and abbots of Normandy as well as his son Henry, was disturbed by the assertion of a citizen of Caen who alleged that his family had been illegally despoiled of the land on which the church was built. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy . England remained unstable. . Thomas Gray were living there in 1579. William I (c. 1028 - 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. Thomas were sent to America by relatives who were scheming for the property [105] William then turned his attention to the continent, returning to Normandy in early 1073 to deal with the invasion of Maine by Fulk le Rechin, the Count of Anjou. John Gray was married before going to Stapleford, and support the effort with food, money and work in recruiting and organization. Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (1923-1998), astronaut. [2], William left England towards the end of 1086. [102], Although Sweyn had promised to leave England, he returned in early 1070, raiding along the Humber and East Anglia toward the Isle of Ely, where he joined up with Hereward the Wake, a local thegn. of a series of incidents that brought about the Boston Massacre later that During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. He celebrated Christmas at Winchester and dealt with the aftermath of the rebellion. [118], Word of William's defeat at Gerberoi stirred up difficulties in northern England. Earlier dukes had been illegitimate, and William's association with his father on ducal charters appears to indicate that William was considered Robert's most likely heir. up to that time in Plymouth. [1] The brothers had been at odds over the succession, and Richard's death was sudden. He took part in church councils and made several appointments to the Norman episcopate, including the appointment of Maurilius as Archbishop of Rouen. After waiting a short while, William secured Dover, parts of Kent, and Canterbury, while also sending a force to capture Winchester, where the royal treasury was. Another Tiverton Gray, Pardon Gray was active during the war also. But after he was killed in February 1071 at the Battle of Cassel, Robert became count. Members I have therefore made yet another attempt the produce the Descendants of William the Conqueror in text . Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible. On his southbound journey, he began constructing Lincoln, Huntingdon, and Cambridge Castles. Waltheof, the earl of Northumbria, although one of William's favourites, was also involved, and there were some Breton lords who were ready to rebel in support of Ralph and Roger. of Tiverton had a son William whose son Robert was the discoverer of the Nor is there evidence that many English pennies were circulating in Normandy, which shows little attempt to integrate the monetary systems of England and Normandy. The corpse was too large for the space, and when attendants forced the body into the tomb it burst, spreading a disgusting odour throughout the church. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. [138] He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087. On the death This method of organising the military forces was a departure from the pre-Conquest English practice of basing military service on territorial units such as the hide. continue prominently represented among the titled nobility in England, Life dates 1025-1087. [2] William assumed power in Normandy, and shortly after the battle promulgated the Truce of God throughout his duchy, in an effort to limit warfare and violence by restricting the days of the year on which fighting was permitted. [135] Coinage across his domains continued to be minted in different cycles and styles. The historian Frank Barlow points out that William had suffered from his uncle Mauger's ambitions while young and thus would not have countenanced creating another such situation. a Welch leader, was having a dispute with another Reginald de Grey, and William I (c. 1028 - 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman monarch of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. Mary was the widow of King Louis XII of France, who had George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. Lord John and Lord Thomas Gray. [2] William returned to England in December 1067 and marched on Exeter, which he besieged. [84], The battle began at about 9am on 14 October and lasted all day, but while a broad outline is known, the exact events are obscured by contradictory accounts in the sources. Ralph was bottled up in Norwich Castle by the combined efforts of Odo of Bayeux, Geoffrey de Montbray, Richard fitzGilbert, and William de Warenne. Robert and Pardon who left a record for all to see. It was during this exile that Edward offered the throne to William. [p] The Danish king had brought a large fleet to England and attacked not only York but Exeter and Shrewsbury. I have probably played with most of them. [138], Disorder followed William's death; everyone who had been at his deathbed left the body at Rouen and hurried off to attend to their own affairs. He escaped and, by traveling of the same family, which had emigrated to this country and made their near the throne. Born around 1028, William was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert I of Normandy, and Herleve (also known as Arlette), daughter of a tanner in Falaise. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. The lands around Rouen became the core of the later duchy of Normandy. According to Nesbits Heraldry: "In an old manuscript of Arms After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. [73], William of Poitiers describes a council called by Duke William, in which the writer gives an account of a great debate that took place between William's nobles and supporters over whether to risk an invasion of England. [115], In late 1077 or early 1078 trouble began between William and his eldest son, Robert. [56] Another important appointment was that of William's half-brother, Odo, as Bishop of Bayeux in either 1049 or 1050. A John Gray was buried May 28, 1658. William I[a] (c.1028[1] 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard,[2][b] was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. William becomes King of England.

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